201 ANIMAL PAEASITES. 



the external world, by which the human subject may be infected 

 in the way indicated. Butchers, slaughterers, and shepherds 

 should be instructed to destroy the bladders wherever they meet 

 with them, either by burning them, or, if they choose, putting 

 them into spirits; and this destruction might be ordered under 

 threat of punishment. 



In districts where these Echinococcm-vesicles are plentiful in 

 the domestic animals, and where we may therefore suppose that, 

 notwithstanding the counsel just given as the mode of pro- 

 ceeding of the butchers and slaughterers with such vesicles, 

 having become a regular custom, will be rooted out with difficulty 

 the TaenifB still occur in the free dogs of these localities, so that 

 these eggs will also constantly be escaping, the people should be 

 careful about drinking unboiled water, and using raw roots, salads, 

 and fallen fruit. I know very well that it would be Utopian to 

 expect that the opinions here expressed will be quickly diffused 

 among the people; but this must not restrain me from 

 expressing them, and urging on governments to have proper 

 instructions disseminated amongst the people, in the popular 

 schools, by societies of which the object is the publication of 

 popular works of instruction. From the microscopic size of 

 the developed Tania we can direct no treatment against it; in 

 fact, we cannot tell what dog suffers from it, and even if we 

 had expelled it, we could hardly find it in the dung. 



2. A direct treatment of the Echinococcus is only possible 

 when we can get at the vesicle. 



Literature. Gescheidt, in Von Ammon's e Zeitschrift fur 

 Opthalmol./ iii, pp. 437 and 446. Eschricht, in ' Undersb'gelser 

 over den i Island endemiske Hydatidesygdom/ Von Siebold 

 upon Taenia Echinococcus, in Siebold and Kolliker's ' Zeitschr. 

 fur Wissenschaftl. Zool./ 1853, iv, p. 409, et se.q. Roll, in 

 ' Verhandl. der Phys. med. Gesellsch./ in Wiirzburg, iii, 1852, 

 p. 55. Kiichenmeister, ' Ueber Cestoden im Allgemeimen und 

 die des Menschen im Besondern/ To this species belong PL III, 

 fig. 17 ad } and PL IV, figs. 19, of this text-book. 



