ECHINOCOCCUS ALTKICIPAEIENS. 215 



tlie ductus cyslicus was still partly permeable, and the gall- 

 bladder was very full, and projecting beyond the margin of the 

 liver; posteriorly the gall-ducts were dilated into sacs, with thin, 

 bilious or clear contents, with calcareous, bilious concretions, 

 whilst the liver was strongly jaundiced, or even of a deep 

 greenish-yellow colour. The parenchyma was normal, although 

 very poor in cells in some places. 



On the microscopic examination of the tumour in question, 

 sections of it showed thick fibrous stroma with numerous fusiform 

 and reticular cells, partly under fatty degeneration and partly 

 with a large quantity of yellow and brown pigment. Between 

 the bundles of fibres normal parenchyma was sometimes found in- 

 serted. In the midst of the connective tissue lay the gelatinous 

 masses, in round, longish, dilated, and contracted cavities (0*03 

 16 or 0-3 0-4 millim.), which became considerably enlarged 

 (6 millim. in length, 2 3 millim. in breadth) towards the middle 

 of the liver, especially in the porta and externally to it. The 

 gelatinous mass in the smaller cavities regularly consisted of walls 

 of several strata, furnished with parallel strise and finely granular 

 contents; it was rarely spherical, generally folded internally, 

 furnished with indentations externally, and, according to the size, 

 0-025 0-05 or 0'06 0-08 millim. in thickness. In proportion 

 as the vesicles increased in size, they approached more closely to 

 each other, and the larger gelatinous masses, which dilated in 

 water into distended membranes, and gave exit to small withered 

 vesicles (daughter-vesicles) up to the size of a hemp-seed, could 

 be drawn out. All the membranes exhibited the above-described 

 structureless, equally striated texture, with here and there ex- 

 ternally an amorphous coating of fragments and small lumps, and 

 internally a turbid granular lining, which I have above described 

 as caused by the scolices of Echinococcus. The larger membranes 

 exhibited the well-known process of vitrification o the Echinococcus - 

 membranes, stellate or granular moniliform scattered bodies, of a 

 fatty lustre, resembling the similar cells of the mucous membrane, 

 the processes of which, increased to broad, canalicular, connecting 

 threads, formed a larger body and resembled lymphatic vessels in 

 course of development. In the interior of the body a fine folded 

 membrane was recognised, forming a longish or roundish sac 

 furnished with the above-mentioned shining deposits ; this 

 gradually became spherical, and after the thickening of the 

 previous stellate body formed a capsule analogous to the young 



