218 ANIMAL PARASITES. 



larger roundish vacuities or alveoli (sections of a system of canals 

 opening by many mouths into the sac). In the porta hepatis, 

 and in the quadrangular and Spigelian lobes, there were knots of 

 the size of a bean to that of a walnut, and along the lig amentum 

 suspensorium hepatis there were knotty cords corresponding with 

 the branches of the lymphatic vessels, of the same composition 

 and appearance as the wall of the sac. The system of canals 

 containing the gelatinous mass diffused itself, starting from the 

 porta hepatis , not only into the lymphatic vessels, but also 

 especially into the ramifications fff the left branch of the portal 

 vein. The passage of the mass from the larger into the smaller 

 vessels could be traced ; but it could not be stated with certainty 

 where its primary seat had been, whether in the ramifications of 

 the portal vein, or in the lymphatic vessels, or in both together, 

 or in the interstitial tissue of the capsula Elissonii as perforations 

 had evidently taken place, which, to a certain extent, interfered 

 with a definite conclusion. The gelatinous mass consisted prin- 

 cipally of readily pliable lamellae, of various thicknesses and a glassy 

 transparency, and with a more or less distinctly stratified arrange- 

 ment ; in the cavities referred to it contained larger and smaller, 

 spherical or much branched, uninjured, hollow structures, with 

 exactly the same kind of lamellar walls (Echmococci furnished 

 with diverticula). The contents of these hollow structures con- 

 sisted of a fatty granular mass, sometimes with colouring matter 

 of the bile and crystals of hsematoidine, and only in extremely 

 rare cases with very small embryoes of Echmococci filled with 

 granules, and, as it were, in progress of decomposition, with an 

 inverted, imperfect circlet of hooks. 



Some vesicles of about the size of a hemp-seed, existing singly 

 or several together in the ramifications of the left branch of the 

 portal vein, were especially remarkable. These vesicles, with the 

 walls 08 mill, in thickness, had the well-known concentrically 

 stratified, glassy structure of Echinococcus-vesicles. From the 

 inner layer of substance small elevations arose on many places ; 

 these were prolonged into delicately outlined peduncles, scarcely 

 0-004 mill, in thickness. The peduncles formed diverticula of 

 various forms, the smallest of which were only 0*04 mill, in length, 

 and clavate, and formed a cavity with finely granular contents 

 and a delicate structureless wall. Other excrescences were larger, 

 lobed (2 4 lobes) or simple, and at the same time variously con- 

 stricted, often to such a degree that the individual segments of 



