HISTOEY OF THRUSH. 213 



more exactly the aphthae, and to distinguish them from other 

 diseases at other ages ; a general abandonment of the view of the 

 ulcerous nature of aphthae, and a prevalence of the view that they 

 were exanthematous. (The German-Dutch school of the Middle 

 Ages to the present time.) 



Eiiff (1554 and 1580), and his Swedish translator Benedict. 

 Olai (1578), call them leaflets ( Blatterlein) ; Hollerius (1579), 

 vicarious eruption (beneficium naturae), their arrest creating 

 atrophy of children ; Scipio de Mercuriis, and his translator 

 Welsch (1653), white vesicles, with a red base; Ketelaer (1652), 

 complication of the Dutch marsh-fever; he was the first who 

 described well the aphthae of adults ; no ulcers but tubercula ; 

 empyreuma, which was to be separated by way of the newly 

 discovered lymphatic vessels, opposed to the theory of the cause 

 of the colour of the aphthae ; extension of the same to the whole 

 intestinal canal ; creating an epoch. Ettmiiller (1675, tubercula) 

 did the same for the aphthae of children as Ketelaer did for those 

 of grown-up people, and created likewise an epoch ; Pechlin 

 (1691), aphthae-blossoms, rising from the stomach to the mouth, 

 analogous to a process of sublimation ; Cregutus (1696), like 

 Ketelaer; Lentilius (1709), pustulae miliaris albae; Voeltern 

 (1722), " Biatterlein," which render the mouth as rough as a 

 grater; F. Hofmann, " Blatterchen," the seat of which are the 

 glands of the mucous membrane (1741) ; Pelargus-Storch (1750), 

 " Blatterchen " and ulcers, of the matter of which, whether it be 

 acid salt or acid, we are ignorant ; Borner, " Blatterchen " and 

 vesicles (1752) ; Van Swieten (1754), pustulae, which are gene- 

 rated by the obstruction of the natural ways of exit to the 

 hardened mucus of the tongue and the mouth; Sauvages (1755), 

 phlyctaenes, papulae subrotundae, semilineares ; Linne (1765), 

 morbi exanthemat. sporadici, escharae albidae; Eosenstein (1764, 

 translated by Murray, 1798), scurfs ; Armstrong (1765), spots and 

 vesicles; Cullen (1769), exanthemata, escharse; Unzer (1770), 

 patches, forming a scab ; Sagar (1771), exanthem. contagiosum ; 

 Mellin (1781), "Blatterchen/' Soor = Kurvoss, because it is a 

 curable disease affecting the nipples, " Fasch," in which case the 

 breast is best protected by oil; Starke (1784), vesicles caused by 

 the stopping up of the efferent channels of the glands although 

 they are not dangerous it is well not to disturb their eruption ; 

 the German translator of Cullen (1785), ulcers of the size of 

 millet, never any primary ulcers ; Underwood (1784), white layers 



