216 VEGETABLE PAEASITES. 



Although J. Frank ridicules this idea, Jorg likewise speaks, as 

 early as the year 1826, of fibres of fungi. 



Langenbeck first described a fungus (in Froriep's 'Notizen/ 

 No. 252, 1839) which occurs on the aphthous layer in the 

 ossophagus of a person who died of typhus, and gives more details 

 (1840), without knowing, however, whether this fungus was of 

 constant occurrence. 



Berg accidentally saw, in the 'winter of 1840-41, the mould 

 which grows on old milk, and was surprised to find such a great 

 resemblance between mould-fibres and those which he found in 

 the aphthous discharge. He communicated his observation to 

 Gruby, who considered the fungus to be analogous to the favus, 

 and reported it as such to the Swedish Association (September 

 and November, 1841) ; Joh. Miiller published some remarks in 

 his ' Archiv/ 1842. Berg discussed the subject further in the 

 ' Hygiea/ 1842. Eschricht, Vogel (as resembling the favus- 

 fungus), and Buchner described the fungus in 1841. The latter 

 continues the comparison of fungi which Jahn began, and men- 

 tions as analogous to the noxious effects of spores of the fungi, 

 three cases of poisoning caused by the sporidia of Mthalium 

 septicum, as well as his own stupor after swallowing the spores of 

 Boletus. Hannover's Leptomitus (1842) and Bennett's expec- 

 toration-fungus are, according to Berg, nothing but aphthae. 

 Oesterlen knows the fungus (1842), but considers it to be merely 

 accidental. Gruby, who, with Berg, was the first to discover the 

 vegetable nature of the aphthae, described the fungus as Spo- 

 rotrichum (1842), and called it Aphthaphyte, and assumed as its 

 cause severe epithelial disease. Rayer and Montague, Andral 

 and Gavarret, were likewise acquainted with this fungus. The 

 latter saw it also generated when albuminous substances were 

 left standing together with vinegar. Eisenmann (1845) attributes 

 the fungus to a " generatio sequivoca." Bouchut knew the 

 fungus which occurs on real thrush, and calls it muguet, whilst 

 his aphthae are Stomatitis follicularis. Remak states that the 

 fungus occurs only secondarily after the loosening and ulceration, 

 but does not know its pathogenetical significance (1845). Hoerner- 

 kopf and Baum adhere to Berg's views. Empis, next to Berg, 

 has the merit of enlarging our knowledge of this fungus. Gubler 

 thinks that the fungus originates in the interior of the salivary 

 glands ; Bazin, in the follicles which generate the slime. Bednar 

 is well acquainted with the fungus, but confounds the name soor 



