THE TSETSE. 247 



Tinct. Cantharidum in a mixture. May 2d. In the secreted nasal mucus 

 were found several larvae, which repeatedly showed themselves during the 

 fortnight following. The nervous affection was now clearly attributable to 

 insects which had developed themselves in the sinus frontales. Dumesnil 

 was of opinion that unsized paper dipped into a solution of two grammes of 

 arseniate of soda in thirty grammes of distilled water, and rolled into 

 cigarettes, should be given the girl to smoke, advising her at the same 

 time to draw in the smoke through the nostrils. These fumigations 

 rather excited the patient, and intoxicated her momentarily ; they were, 

 nevertheless, repeated every morning and evening? The baths and mix- 

 ture of cantharides were likewise continued. Up to the 23d of May no 

 new attack occurred. On that day Legrand witnessed thirty-three attacks, 

 which were accompanied, like the first, by mental aberration, The treat- 

 ment was now suspended for two days. May 30th. Several withered 

 larvae made their appearance, June 10th. Numerous larva?. June 15th. 

 Two convulsive attacks, but without mental aberration. July 14th. 

 Symptoms satisfactory ; slight sensation of heat between the eyebrows. 

 The patient smoked four cigars. The tincture of cantharides was 

 suspended on account of dysury. July 15th. After a thunderstorm and 

 a walk in the town, five slight attacks. From that time up to her leaving 

 the asylum, November 8th, her health remained undisturbed. No 

 return took place for three years and a half. Each cigarette contained 

 about 0-050 milligramme of the arseniate. (' G-az. Hebdom.,' Sept. 28th. 

 Austrian periodical for Kinderheilkunde, i, 2.)" 



II. 



The account given by Dr. Livingstone, in his ' Missionary 

 Researches in South Africa/ of the Tsetse, a dipterous insect 

 producing ravages amongst cattle, is of sufficient interest to be 

 repeated here : 



"A few remarks on the tsetse, or Glossiva, morsitans, may here be 

 appropriate. It is not much larger than the common housefly, and is 

 nearly of the same brown colour as the common honey-bee ; the after part 

 of the body has three or four yellow bars across it ; the wings project 

 beyond this part considerably, and it is remarkably alert, avoiding most 

 dexterously all attempts to capture it with the hand, at common tempe- 

 ratures ; in the cool of the mornings and evenings it is less agile. Its 

 peculiar buzz when once heard can never be forgotten by the traveller 

 whose means of locomotion are domestic animals ; for it is well known that 

 the bite of this poisonous insect is certain death to the ox, horse, and dog. 

 In this journey, though we were not aware of any great number having 

 at any time lighted on our cattle, we lost forty-three fine oxen by its bite. 

 We watched the animals carefully, and believe that not a score of flies were 

 ever upon them. 



"A most remarkable feature in the bite of the 'tsetse' is its perfect 

 harmlessness in man and wild animals, and even calves as long as they 

 continue to suck the cows. 



