FERTILITY 109 



ended at its anterior end as a blind sack. Although 

 detailed anatomical data are lacking, there can be 

 little doubt, I believe, because of both physiological 

 fact and absence of restrus and the lack (?) or minute, 

 infantile condition of uterus and Fallopian tubes, that 

 these two supposed female individuals were really free- 

 martins." 



The cow possessed two supernumerary mammae just 

 behind the posterior pair. The occurrence of super- 

 numerary mammae has before been observed to accom- 

 pany the tendency to multiple births. 



A seven-year-old Shorthorn cow dropped seven dead 

 calves at one birth. They were sired by a Holstein bull. 1 

 A Shorthorn cow three years old, on post mortem, was 

 found to be carrying six perfectly developed calves in 

 her uterus. 2 Another Shorthorn cow gave birth to four 

 calves, three of which were weak and undeveloped. 3 A 

 cross-bred cow gave birth to seven calves within a period 

 of twelve months. All these calves were born alive. 4 

 A cow dropped three pairs of twins in succession during 

 a period of two years. 5 A grade Guernsey cow on a farm 

 in Washington County, Pennsylvania, gave birth to 

 triplets. This cow was ten years old and had produced 

 fifteen calves at eight births. A cow twenty-two years 

 old ^is reported as having had twenty calves and was 

 again pregnant. 6 A remarkable case of continued high 

 fertility in a cow is quoted by Pearl from McGillwray's 

 " Manual of Veterinary Science and Practice." The cow 



1 Country Gentleman, 1895, p. 595. 



2 Ibid., 1880, p. 313. 



3 Ibid., 1891, p. 339. 



4 Ibid., 1893, p. 231. 



5 Breeder's Gazette, 1898, p. 7. 



6 Rural New-Yorker, 1906, December. 



