THE HEAVY-HARNESS BREEDS OF HORSES 59 



there being (1) the stallions in the government service, 

 (2) the stallions subsidized to the extent of $100 to $1000 

 yearly while approved, and (3) the stallions authorized 

 for public patronage. All others are prevented by a law 

 passed in 1885 from- standing at public service, although 

 any owner, at his discretion, may use such for private 

 purposes, a practice that is not encouraged. 



In the breeding operations of the government, a great 

 variety of sources are drawn on. Thoroughbreds have 

 been very extensively imported from England since the 

 early days of the breed, and Hackneys have been freely 

 imported and liberally used ; in the inception of the 

 breed, twenty to thirty Hackneys were imported annually. 

 Heavy importations of Arabians and others from the 

 Orient have been made, particularly in the early stages 

 of government control, and even stallions of American 

 breeding have been used. Niger, whose record is quoted 

 elsewhere as among the best, was sired by the Hackney 

 stallion Norfolk Phenomenon, and had an American-bred 

 mare for his dam. Descendants of Norfolk Phenomenon 

 were a popular line of breeding, and enter largely into the 

 pedigrees of many of the Demi-sang. Another stallion 

 that had considerable to do with the better type was 

 Aemulus by Mambrino Pilot, and out of a Morgan-bred 

 mare, Black Bess, consequently representing one of the 

 old strains, common among our Standardbred trotters. 

 This is mentioned to indicate further the variety of sources 

 drawn on for foundation stock. In the production of 

 trotters among the French Coach horses, one stallion, 

 Fuchsia, holds about the same relation to the breed as 

 Hambletonian 10 does to that of our American Standard- 

 bred trotters, in the extent to which the blood of each 

 predominates in the respective breeds. 



