THE BEEF BREEDS OF CATTLE 221 



Durhams originated by the attempts on the part of a 

 number of breeders, working, at first independently for 

 the most part, to develop a race of hornless cattle with 

 the characteristics of the Shorthorn breed. This was 

 accomplished by the use of Shorthorn bulls on the native 

 muley cows. 



254. Distribution. Herds of Polled Durhams are 

 more numerous in Indiana, Iowa, Ohio and Illinois 

 than in other states, although they are being introduced 

 rather extensively into other sections of the country, 

 notably in North Dakota, Kansas, Kentucky, Wisconsin, 

 Texas and Nebraska. Several have been shipped to 

 Argentina, in South America. 



255. Organizations and records. The American 

 Polled Durham Breeders' Association, which has for its 

 object the furthering of the interests of the breed, and the 

 recording of animals eligible to its herd-book, was organized 

 in Chicago, November 13, 1889, and was chartered Novem- 

 ber 2, 1890. Six volumes of the American Polled Durham 

 Herd-book have been published, the first having appeared 

 in 1894 ; over 27,000 animals have been registered. " Ani- 

 mals to be eligible to entry in the American Polled Durham 

 Herd-book must be at least six months old; must be 

 naturally hornless; must have both parents recorded 

 therein or have one parent recorded in the book and the 

 other parent recorded in the American Short-horn Herd- 

 book ; and further, must have all ancestry that are eligible 

 recorded in the American Polled Durham Herd-book." 



Literature. A. H. Sanders, Shorthorn Cattle, Sanders Pub- 

 lishing Company, Chicago; Lewis F. Allen, History of Shorthorn 

 Cattle; C. J. Bates, Thomas Bates and the Kirklevington Short- 

 horns, London (1897); W. H. Beaver, An Arithmetical Arrange- 

 ment of the Leading Shorthorn Tribes; Thomas Bell, History of 



