THE BEEF BREEDS OF CATTLE 249 



breeds. In this day when practically all feeding cattle 

 are dehorned, the naturally polled cattle have a decided 

 advantage over their horned rivals, as the dehorning 

 process is many times dangerous and occasionally fatal, 

 and in every instance it causes a temporary shrinkage in 

 weight and tardiness in growth of animals. 



For crossing with other breeds, especially with the 

 Shorthorns, they are very valuable. The outcome of 

 the cross of Shorthorn bulls on Galloway cows are usually 

 known as " blue-grays." This system of crossing has 

 been practiced for many years in Great Britain and to 

 some extent in this country, and the results have been 

 very satisfactory. The Shorthorn furnishes plenty of 

 size, while the Galloway forms the low type and large 

 proportion of natural flesh, qualities which up-to-date 

 feeders and butchers are constantly demanding. When a 

 pure-bred animal is crossed on any grade beef or dairy 

 cow, the results are surprising and the offspring is in- 

 variably hornless, black in color and uniform in make-up. 

 Galloway bulls are used very freely in the dairy districts 

 of Great Britain, and the black calves sell at much better 

 prices than those from bulls of the dairy breeds. 



283. Distribution. Galloways are found mainly in 

 Scotland, Canada and the United States, but in smaller 

 numbers are distributed also in England, Ireland, Russia, 

 South Africa, Argentina, Mexico and Alaska. Recently 

 the United States Government has introduced them into 

 the Philippine Islands, where they are making a very 

 satisfactory cross with the native cattle. 



284. Organizations and records. Galloway Cattle 

 Society of Great Britain and Ireland ; secretary, Francis 

 N. M. Gourlay, Milnton, Tynron, Thornhill, Dumfries- 

 shire, Scotland. The Galloway Herd-book is the official 



