282 



THE BREEDS OF LIVE-STOCK 



FIG. 47. Young Holstein-Friesian bull. 



some are making annual records of 4, 4.50, and even as 



high as 5 per cent fat. 



The ideal type of this breed, which has become constant 



in North Holland and Friesland, is designated as " milk 



and beef form." This 

 form involves great 

 breadth and length 

 of rump ; superior 

 width of hips, with 

 loin slightly rounded ; 

 well-sprung ribs; 

 rounded body, with 

 the abdomen well held 

 up; a straight chine; 

 shoulders slightly 

 lower than hips and 

 rounded at tops, from 



whence the neck starts out level, or nearly so, and is 



carried symmetrically to a finely formed throat and rather 



long head, bearing a 



broad muzzle. It also 



involves comparative 



fineness of limbs, and 



quarters broad at sides 



and rear without puffi- 



ness ; a capacious udder 



of considerable depth, 



carried well forward in 



front and well up in 



rear, and a large development of mammary veins. An 



animal of this form will appear slightly wedge-shaped, 



viewed both from front and side (Figs. 47, 48. Plate XI). 

 This ideal type, however, varies with respect to locality 



FIG. 48. Holstein-Friesian cow. 



