DR. J. R. GARDWELL. 11 



Of plums, the Gages, Jefferson, Washington, Columbia, 

 Peach Plum, Reine Claude and Coe's Late Red were lead- 

 ing varieties. 



Of prunes there was only one variety, our little German 

 prune, a native of the Rhine, sometimes called the Rhine 

 Prune, and from which our Italian is a lineal descendant 

 a sport from its native country. 



The grapes were the Catawba and Isabella. 



The climate was propitious, and the soil fertile, and 

 there were no insect pests. Trees grew rapidly and they 

 were prolific of such fruit as had never been seen before. 



About 1850, a Mr. Ladd started a nursery near Butte- 

 ville, and in the same year Mr. George Settlemier arrived 

 by way of California with a good supply of fruit-tree seed, 

 which he planted on Green Point, and afterwards removed 

 to his present home at Mt. Angel, where, as fast as his 

 limited means would allow, a large stock of fruit and or- 

 namental trees were accumulated, making in all the largest 

 variety in the Territory. Mr. Settlemier wisely interested 

 his large family of sons in the business by giving them 

 little blocks of ground for side nurseries of their own. 

 J. H. Settlemier tells, with pride, how he started, at ten 

 years of age, in three fence corners, and at thirteen had 

 one thousand trees and sold one bill of $60. 



Another nursery was started near Salem and the pio- 

 neer fruit industry was fairly inaugurated. This year Mr. 

 Luelling went back East and selected from the extensive 

 nurseries of Ellwanger and Barry, and A. J. Downing, a 

 large variety of young trees and plants, which he brought 

 back via the Isthmus of Panama, carried across by Indian? 

 and mules. This time Mr. Luelling, to correct his mistake 

 in the Yellow Newtown Pippin, had Mr. Downing per- 

 sonally point out the trees as they were dug. Strangely 

 the same mistake occurred again, and again Luelling 

 brought out the Green Newtown Pippin, and it was not 



