x Contents 



CHAPTER PAGES 



of Hughes Sturgeon's electromagnet Development of 

 electrical industry Wilde Hopkinson, Ewing, Ayrton 

 The alkali industry : Gamble, Leblanc, Muspratt, 

 Gossage, Solvay, Mond, Deacon, Weldon Royal Col- 

 lege of Chemistry Discovery of coal-tar dyes Perkin, 

 Nicholson Early promise and subsequent neglect of 

 industry Meldola Explosives : Abel, Dewar Play- 

 fair and encouragement of science. 



VII. PHYSICAL SCIENCE SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS 203-215 



Early history of Royal Society Privileges as regards 

 patents Their action in promoting food production, 

 inoculation, the prevention of jail fever, and protection 

 against lightning Repository of natural rarities Pro- 

 motion of scientific expeditions, surveys Comparison 

 of standards Connexion with Greenwich Observatory 

 and Meteorological Office Foundation of National 

 Physical Laboratory Friendly relations with foreign 

 academies Royal Society of Dublin Royal Society 

 of Edinburgh Royal Society of Arts and other scientific 

 societies Constitution of Royal Society compared with 

 that of foreign academies Royal Institution Dewar's 

 work on liquefaction of gases The British Association. 



VIII. BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE IN THE MIDDLE AGES- 216-228 



Physiologus Bartholomew's " Liber de Proprietatibus 

 Rerum " Roger Bacon yesalius, the founder of 

 modern anatomy and physiology Moffett Biological 

 science in Elizabethan and Stewart times Francis 

 Bacon Lord Herbert Evelyn Pepys King Charles' 

 interest in science. 



IX. BOTANY - - 229-255 



Early herbalists Turner, Gerard, Johnson New era 

 inaugurated by Ray Morison Grew, one of the 

 first students of vegetable anatomy Hales, the 

 founder of the physiology of plants Knight and cir- 

 culation of sap Foundation of Linnsean Society by 

 Smith Scientific explorers : Sloane, Banks Great 

 Britain leads the way in introducing scientific classifica- 

 tion Robert Brown Discovery of nucleus of cells 

 Brownian movement Lindley, a great taxonomist 

 The elder Hooker, Bentham -Joseph Hooker; early 

 expeditions, friendship with Darwin, Himalayan 

 travels Flora Indica Huxley's influence on teaching 

 of botany Berkeley and cryptogamic botany Botany 



