15 



Neither is the falcate direction of the leaves a character to be depended 

 on, for Prof. Lindberg sends specimens collected by Hartman, at Varstien, 

 in the Dovrefjeld, in which the leaves spread out equally on all sides, though 

 with the abruptly dilated, concave base of typical A . falcata. We believe 

 that Wilson until his death maintained that A . Rothii, falcata and crassinervis 

 only constituted a single species. A low mammillar papillosity is also 

 observable on the cells of the upper part of the leaf in the var. falcata, but 

 this will also be distinguished in A. Rothii, after treatment with caustic 

 alkali. 



SECT. 2. CHASMOCALYX. LINDB. 



Leaves and perichsetial bracts alike in form, the latter patent, 

 distinctly nerved. Capsule deeply cleft into 4, 6 or 8 valves. 



5. A. NIVALIS. Hooker. 



Dioicous ; stem elongated, leaves laxly imbricated, papillose on 

 both sides, falcato-secund, lanceolate, nerved to apex ; perichaetial 

 bracts resembling the leaves. (7\ 



SYN. Andr. nivalis HOOK. Trans. Lin. Soc. X, 395, t. 31, f. 4 (1810) ; Eng. Bot. t. 2334 (1811). 



HOOK. TAY. Muse. Brit. 2, t. 8 (1818). GRAY Nat. Arr. Br. PI. 1,709,0.4(1821). HOOK. 



Fl. Scot. P. 2, 121 (1821). BRID. Bry. Univ. ii, 732 (1827). SCHWAEG. Suppl. Ill, P. I, 



t. 248 (1828). HARTM. Skand. Fl. 5 ed. 404 (1849). C. MUELL. Syn. Muse, i, 9 (1849). 



WILS. Bry. Brit. 13, t. 8 (1855). SCHIMP. Bry. Eur. vi, Mon. 25, t. XIV (1855) ; Syn. 



Muse. 670 (1860), et 2 ed., 822 (1876). BERK. Handb. Br. M. 310 (1863). DE NOT. Epil. 



Briol. Ital. 750 (1869). HOBK. Syn. Br. M. 22 (1873). 

 A. nivalis Var. (3. ZETTERST. Mon. Andr. Scand. 23 (1855). 

 A. nivalis Var. ft. Zetterstedtii HARTM. Skand. Fl. 7 ed. 400 (1858). 

 Jungerm. nivalis HUEBEN. Hep. Germ. 306 (1834). 



Dioicous ; in soft, blackish-green, rufescent or fuscous, widely 

 spreading tufts. Stems 3-4 in. high, slender, elongated, reddish, 

 decumbent at base, ascending, flexuose, dichotomously branched. 

 Leaves patent, rather distant, secund ; soft, the lower smaller, ovato- 

 lanceolate, the upper falcato-secund, from an oblong base, gradually 

 lanceolate, acute, densely papillose on both sides ; the nerve narrow, 

 subterete, lost in the apex, fuscous, prominent at back ; areolation 

 laxer, soft, rotundato-quadrate above, elongato-quadrate at base. 

 Perichsetial bracts divergent, precisely resembling the leaves ; capsule a 

 little exserted, oblong, cleft to base into 6, or more rarely 4, narrow 

 valves. Calyptra very small, conical. 



Male plants in distinct tufts, the infl. lateral by innovation, distinct, 

 gemmiform ; bracts numerous, ovato-lanceolate, inner roundish, acumi- 

 nate nerveless ; antheridia 4-6, paraphyses numerous, longer. 



