310 I5AIN OX THE EMOTIONS AND THE WILL. 



Bciousness ; but those in which such represented special 

 relations are thought of merely as comprehended in a gen 

 eral relation those in which the concrete relations onco 

 experienced, in so far as they become objects of conscious 

 ness at all, are incidentally represented, along with the 

 abstract relation which formulates them. The ideas result 

 ing from this abstraction, do not themselves represent ac 

 tual experiences ; but are symbols which stand for groups 

 of such actual experiences represent aggregates of repre 

 sentations. And thus they may be called re-represen 

 tative cognitions. It is clear that the process of re-repre 

 sentation is carried to higher stages, as the thought be- 



O O O 



comes more abstract. 



FJEEUXGS, or those modes of mind in which we are 

 occupied, not with the relations subsisting between our sen 

 tient states, but with the sentient states themselves, are di 

 visible into four parallel sub-classes. 



Preservative feelings, ordinarily called sensations, are 

 those mental states in which, instead of regarding a corpo 

 real impression as of this or that kind, or as located here or 

 there, we contemplate, it in itself as pleasure or pain : as 

 when eating. 



Presentative-re^&amp;gt;rcscntatlce feelings, embracing a great 

 part of what we commonly call emotions, are those in 

 which a sensation, or group of sensations or group of sen 

 sations and ideas, arouses a vast aggregation of represented 

 sensations ; partly of individual experience, but chiefly 

 deeper than individual experience, and, consequently, in 

 definite. The emotion of terror may serve as an example. 

 Along with certain impressions made on the eyes or cars, 

 or both, arc recalled in consciousness many of the pains to 

 which such impressions have before been the antecedents 

 and when the relation between such impressions and such 

 pains has been habitual in the race, the definite ideas of 

 such pains which individual experience has given, arc 



