u JG THK SOCIAL ORGANISM. 



cised alike the functions of landowner, farmer, soldier, 

 statesman, judge. Retainers were now soldiers, and now 

 labourers, as the clay required, lint liy degrees the 

 Church has lust all civil jurisdiction; the State; has exer 

 cised less and less control over religious teaching ; the mil- 

 itnry class has grown a distinct one ; handicrafts have con 

 centrated in towns; and the spinning-wheels of scattered 

 farmhouses, have disappeared before the machinery of ma:i- 

 ufacturing districts. Xot only is all progress from the ho 

 mogeneous to the heterogeneous ; but at the same time it 

 is from the indefinite to the definite. 



Another fact which should not be passed over, is that in 

 the evolution of a large society out of an aggregation of small 

 ones, there is a gradual obliteration of the original lines of 

 separation a change to which, also, we may see analogies 

 in living bodies. Throughout the sub-kingdom Amuilvsa, 

 this is clearly and variously illustrated. Among the lower 

 types of this sub-kingdom, the body consists of numerous 

 segments that are alike in nearly every particular. Kach 

 has its external ring; its pair of legs, if the creature has 

 legs; its equal portion of intestines, or else its separate 

 Btomach ; its equal portion of the great blood-vessel, or, in 

 some cases, its separate heart ; its equal portion of the ner 

 vous cord, and, perhaps, its separate pair of ganglia. ]&amp;gt;ut 

 in the highest types, as in the large Cnistarca, many of 

 the segments are completely fused together ; and the internal 

 organs are no longer uniformly repeated in all the segments. 

 Now the segments of which nations at lirst consist, lose their 

 separate external and internal structures in a similar manner. 

 In feudal times, the minor communities governed by feudal 

 lords, were severally organized in the same rude way ; and 

 were held together only by the fealty of their respective 

 rulers to some suzerain. l&amp;gt;ut along with the growth of a 

 central power, the demarcations of these local communities 

 disappeared ; and their separate organizations merged into 



