64 INTELLIGENCE AND MORALS 



focus of English and then of French speculation. 

 Materialized idealism is the happy monstrosity in 

 which the popular demand for vivid imagery is 

 most easily reconciled with the equally strong de 

 mand for supremacy of moral values ; and the com 

 plete idealistic materialism of Stoicism has always 

 given its ideas a practical influence out of all pro 

 portion to their theoretical vogue as a system. 

 To the Protestant, that is the German, humanist, 

 Natural Law, the bond of harmonious reason in 

 nature, the spring of social intercourse among 

 men, the inward light of individual conscience, 

 united Cicero, St. Paul, and Luther in blessed 

 union ; gave a rational, not superrational basis for 

 morals, and provided room for social legislation 

 which at the same time could easily be held back 

 from too ruthless application to dominant class in 

 terests. 



Kant saw the mass of empirical and hence irrele 

 vant detail that had found refuge within this lib 

 eral and diffusive reason. He saw that the idea of 

 reason could be made self-consistent only by strip 

 ping it naked of these empirical accretions. He 

 then provided, in his critiques, a somewhat cum 

 brous moving van for transferring the resultant 

 pure or naked reason out of nature and the ob 

 jective world, and for locating it in new quarters, 

 with a new stock of goods and new customers. The 

 new quarters were particular subjects, individuals ; 



