INTELLIGENCE AND MORALS 65 



the stock of goods were the forms of perception and 

 the functions of thought by which empirical flux is 

 woven into durable fabrics ; the new customers were 

 a society of individuals in which all are ends in them 

 selves. There ought to be an injunction issued 

 that Kant s saying about Hume s awakening of 

 him should not be quoted save in connection with 

 his other saying that Rousseau brought him to him 

 self, in teaching him that the philosopher is of less 

 account than the laborer in the fields unless he con 

 tributes to human freedom. But none the less, the 

 new tenant, the universal reason, and the old home 

 stead, the empirical tumultuous individual, could 

 not get on together. Reason became a mere voice 

 which, having nothing in particular to say, said 

 Law, Duty, in general, leaving to the existing 

 social order of the Prussia of Frederick the Great 

 the congenial task of declaring just what was ob 

 ligatory in the concrete. The marriage of free 

 dom and authority was thus celebrated with the 

 understanding that sentimental primacy went to 

 the former and practical control to the latter. 



The effort to force a universal reason that had 

 been used to the broad domains of the cosmos into 

 the cramped confines of individuality conceived as 

 merely &quot; empirical,&quot; a highly particularized crea 

 ture of sense, could have but one result : an explo 

 sion. The products of that explosion constitute 

 the Post-Kantian philosophies. It was the work of 



