INTELLIGENCE AND MORALS 69 



ish the causes of evil and to buttress and ex 

 pand the sources of good. This program is indeed 

 vague, but only unfamiliarity with it could lead 

 one to the conclusion that it is less vague than the 

 idea that there is a single moral ideal and a single 

 moral motive force. 



From this point of view there is no separate body 

 of moral rules ; no separate system of motive pow 

 ers; no separate subject-matter of moral knowl 

 edge, and hence no such thing as an isolated ethical 

 science. If the business of morals is not to specu 

 late upon man s final end and upon an ultimate 

 standard of right, it is to utilize physiology, an 

 thropology, and psychology to discover all that 

 can be discovered of man, his organic powers and 

 propensities. If its business is not to search for 

 the one separate moral motive, it is to converge all 

 the instrumentalities of the social arts, of law, edu 

 cation, economics, and political science upon the 

 construction of intelligent methods of improving 

 the common lot. 



If we still wish to make our peace with the past, 

 and to sum up the plural and changing goods of 

 life in a single word, doubtless the term happiness 

 is the one most apt. But we should again ex 

 change free morals for sterile metaphysics, if we 

 imagine that &quot; happiness &quot; is any less unique than 

 the individuals who experience it ; any less complex 

 than the constitution of their capacities, or any less 



