182 BELIEFS AND EXISTENCES 



its loose, although narrow and technical way, the 

 question practically urgent in Europe: How is 

 science possible? How can intelligence actively 

 and directly get at its object? 



Meantime, through Protestantism the values, 

 the meanings formerly characterizing the next life 

 (the opportunity for full perception of perfect 

 being), were carried over into present-day emo 

 tions and responses. 



The dualism between faith authoritatively sup 

 ported as the principle of this life, and knowledge 

 supernaturally realized as the principle of the next, 

 was transmuted into the dualism between intelli 

 gence now and here occupied with natural things, 

 and the affections and accompanying beliefs, now 

 and here realizing spiritual worths. For a time 

 this dualism operated as a convenient division of 

 labor. Intelligence, freed from responsibility for 

 and preoccupation with supernatural truths, could 

 occupy itself the more fully and efficiently with the 

 world that now is ; while the affections, charged 

 with the values evoked in the medieval discipline, 

 entered into the present enjoyment of the delecta 

 tions previously reserved for the saints. Direct 

 ness took the place of systematic intermediation ; 

 the present of the future ; the individual s emo 

 tional consciousness of the supernatural institu 

 tion. Between science and faith, thus conceived, a 

 bargain was struck. Hands off; each to his own, 



