EXPERIENCE AND IDEALISM 209 



sounds in certain groupings, the psycho-physical 

 visual habit of the Greek, the locomotor apparatus 

 of the human body in the laying-out and plotting 

 of space is &quot; thought.&quot; Social institutions, es 

 tablished political customs, effect and perpetuate 

 modes of reaction and of perception that compel 

 a certain grouping of objects, elements, and values. 

 A national constitution brings about a definite 

 arrangement of the factors of human action which 

 holds even physical things together in certain 

 determinate orders. Every (Successful economic 

 process, with its elaborate divisions and adjust 

 ments of labor, of materials and instruments, is 

 just such an objective organization. Now it is one 

 thing to say that thought has played a part in 

 the origin and development of such organizations, * 

 and continues to have a role in their judicious em 

 ployment and application ; it is another to say that 

 these organizations are thought, or are its ex- i 

 elusive product. Thought that functions in these 

 ways is distinctively reflective thought, thought as 

 practical, volitional, deliberately exercised for spe 

 cific aims thought as an act, an art of skilled 

 mediation. As reflective thought, its end is to 

 terminate its own first and experimental forms, and 

 to secure an organization which, while it may evoke 

 new reflective thinking, puts an end to the think 

 ing that secured the organization. As organiza 

 tions, as established, effectively controlling ar- 



