&quot;CONSCIOUSNESS&quot; AND EXPERIENCE 1 



EVERY science in its final standpoint and work 

 ing aims is controlled by conditions lying out 

 side itself conditions that subsist in the practi-, 

 cal life of the time. With no science is this as 

 obviously true as with psychology. Taken with 

 out nicety of analysis, no one would deny that psy 

 chology is specially occupied with the individual ; 

 that it wishes to find out those things that proceed 

 peculiarly from the individual, and the mode of 

 their connection with him. Now, the way in which 

 the individual is conceived, the value that is attrib 

 uted to him, the things in his make-up that arouse 

 interest, are not due at the outset to psychology. 

 The scientific view regards these matters in a re 

 flected, a borrowed, medium. They are revealed 

 in the light of social life. An autocratic, an 

 aristocratic, a democratic society propound such 

 different estimates of the worth and place of 

 individuality; they procure for the individual as 

 an individual such different sorts of experience; 



1 Delivered as a public address before the Philosophic 

 Union of the University of California, with the title 

 &quot; Psychology and Philosophic Method,&quot; May, 1899, and pub 

 lished in the University Chronicle for August, 1899. Re 

 printed, with slight verbal changes, mostly excisions, 



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