18 



barrier of the middle-west without diverging into other forms 

 first. The Californica is very likely a direct descendant of Can- 

 dicans. Although these two species resemble one another very 

 much in general aspect, what a variation the former presents from 

 the latter in growth habit. While with the Candicans the difler- 

 ence between root and top in this respect is exceedingly great, 

 in the Californica we have almost the same scope of sensitiveness 

 of root and top to temperature conditions. 



HARDINESS OR RESISTANCE AGAINST THE ANAHEIM 



DISEASE. 



There is no innate resistance against the Anaheim disease in 

 any grape species, as we have it in the resistance to the 

 Phylloxera. A perfect adaptation is resistance, an adaptation, 

 which produces the healthiest growth, neither a rank growth nor 

 an impoverished growth. Through proper manipulation, as de- 

 scribed above, the disease can be caused to enter the wood of a 

 Lenoir or Candicans as readily as that of a Vinifera. Lack of 

 adaptation is not the prime cause of the disease, but it causes the 

 disease t,o become fatal to the grape vine. In the ungrafted 

 Rupestris St. George, Lenoir and Champini we have examples 

 of what is needed in California, as far as hardiness to the disease 

 is concerned. They are hybrids between free and sluggish 

 growers. We need such a combination with more or less of the 

 essential qualities of each class, in order to enable the vine to 

 take advantage of the spring moisture in the soil, while this is 

 cold and also to enable it to go unscathed through our long dry 

 summers. The size, vigor and hardiness of a vine are the result 

 of energy taken up and assimilated, while conditions are favorable, 

 minus the set-back it receives during the season through some 

 cause or other. If this latter is too great during the summer for 

 the vine to withstand or to overcome the following spring, it 

 becomes a failure sooner or later. A vine which makes ! slow 

 growth in the beginning, but never receives any check to its pro- 

 gress, may s.oon outstrip a vine of quick free growth, but which 

 suffers at times from adverse conditions. Living organisms are 

 as a rule not adapted to extremes. Thpse which endure wet 

 conditions, can not endure dry conditions and vice versa. Stand- 

 ing in an exceeingly moist soil during spring, causes some species 

 to make rank and soft growth, which is apt to become unhealthy 

 during the heat and dryness of summer and ( so creates favorable 



