21 



; stock it has its best value for soils exceedingly rich and deep, 

 especially those somewhat close and compact, but which warm up 

 readily, as rich sandy and gravelly loams. It does well also on 

 somewhat cold clays, if the vines are not set down too deeply. 

 The butt end of a Lenoir or Champini cutting should not be more 

 than 8 or 10 inches below the surface, more or less deep according 

 to the nature of the soil. 



The Champinis have a more restricted adaptation than either 

 the Lenoir ,or Rupestris St. George. Their best adaptation seems 

 to be for rich gravelly loams, holding an abundance of moisture. 

 The Barnes and De Grasset apparently are the hardiest of this 

 group. The latter will; grow on a soil less rich but not less moist 

 in its lower strata. The Barnes is the most vigorous of the 

 Champinis and will also do fairly well on clays. 



The Lenoir and the Champinis have a resistance of 12 and 

 14 to the Phylloxera, which is generally not considered high 

 enough for grafting stocks. But what has been said above, that 

 grafting in itself does not weaken a vine, must be recalled here 

 also. It depends to a large extent on the soil, climate and graft, 

 what resistant will hold out the longest, whether the resistance is 

 12, 14 or 16. But it seems to be an established fact, that there 

 is a much greater choice of soils and grafts for the Rupestris St. 

 George than for the Lenoir and Champini, where both the Ana- 

 heim disease and the Phylloxera have to be considered. The 

 trouble with Rupestris St. George, Lenoir and Champini is, that 

 they are extremes in regard to growth habit for California con- 

 ditions. For this reason great care must be taken in choosing 

 the proper soil arid graft for them. The Lenoir root stands be- 

 tween the other two, but much closer to Champini than Rupestris 

 St. George. It would require a dozen hybrids or more, every one 

 of them with a root of a different growth habit to fill the space 

 between the Lenoir and Rupestris St. George. 



In regard to grafts it appears, that in a good many cases new 

 varieties will take the place of old standard varieties. Our ex- 

 perience which we have made with vines on their own roots must 

 be almost entirely disregarded, because it is apt to mislead us. 

 Varieties which succumb readily to the Anaheim disease on their 

 own roots, may hold out much longer, if grafted on resistants, 

 than varieties which have proved hardy ungrafted. But with the 

 Lenoir as a grafting stock the latter kind are undoubtedly the best, 

 because we have a similar combination of root and top growths of 

 such vines grafted on this stock and ungrafted. 



