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which it rises to the surface and those half-ways between these two, 

 in which it is held well in suspension. In regard to temperature 

 conditions, dark colored soils warm up more readily than light 

 colored ones, and gravelly soils more readily than compact ones, 

 so gravelly or sandy loams, rich with humus, are the most favor- 

 able for both conditions and produce the rankest growth. In 

 California not only the surface soil requires consideration, but the 

 sub-soil is of prime importance, as all vines must make deep roots, 

 in order to be enduring of drouth and heat and so of disease. 



While I think that, wherever the Anaheim disease is present, 

 the hardiest vines and in the quickest manner are obtained by 

 planting resistants in the field and by postponing the graft- 

 ing till the vines are nearly full size, cutting-grafting 

 or grafting very young vines in the field has 

 to be resorted to, if the stocks do not graft well 

 when of full size. Besides with the disease germs in the tissue 

 of their wood, it is extremely difficult to graft some resistants in 

 the' field, especially if the grafting is done late in the spring, be- 

 cause the disease developes, while the vines are without foliage and 

 so causes a good many failures or kills vines right out. But " 

 Lenoir and Champini should always be left ungrafted till they 

 are nearly full-sized, excepting possibly on soils which are ex- 

 tremely rich, moist and warm, as rich sandy or gravelly loams. 



The greatest care must be taken in the selection of healthy 

 grafting wood for scions, as the disease works as a degeneration. 

 It is probably the same as what we call this with other plants. 

 Cuttings, to be used as scions, should be taken only from vigorous 

 but not rank-growing vines. It is safest to take the cuttings from 

 vines, grafted on hardy stocks with which the rules, as explained 

 above, have been complied with. Resistant cuttings intended for 

 propagating purposes require the same consideration. It is gen- 

 erally best to take these from vines on their own roots, standing 

 on the proper soil or any soil on which they make healthy, vigorous 

 growth. Rooted stocks, which are always preferable to cuttings 

 for planting, should be strong and healthy and it is best to dis- 

 card all weak and feeble ones. 



As has been stated, the difference between the tops of differ- 

 ent species- in regard to growth habit is not nearly as great as 

 the difference between different roots. In fact the Vinifera 

 species offers about as much of a variety of top-growths as the 

 whole of the American species. It will therefore be just as easy 



