while some of them require a warm gravelly soil to be satisfactory, 

 others do very well on the colder soils. All vines having a more 

 sluggish growth than Viniferas require a warmer, moister and 

 richer soil in California. If a vine's growth is exceedingly slug- 

 gish, it does not 'succeed at all, because it can not avail itself of 

 favorable moisture conditions during spring, the soil being too 

 cold. All vines with a freer growth than Viniferas require a 

 cooler and moister soil and a shorter growing season. This is 

 said without consideration of form of root system; a difference in 

 this respect might make quite a difference in adaptation. A deep- 

 rooting, free grower would have a much better show even in a 

 hot country than a shallow-rooting one, because in their lower 

 strata soils are cooler and generally moister. This is probably the 

 reason why the Rupestris St. George does so well in California, 

 because in a proper soil all its roots are down deeply. The. Ru- 

 pestris St. George, Lenoir and 1 Champinis are exceedingly well 

 adapted to soils in California on account of their free spring 

 growth, long seasonal activity and deep roots. The last named 

 have less general adaptation than the first two on account of their 

 too 'sluggish root growth and fixed form of deep root system, being 

 adapted only to special soils, as exceedingly moist and warm 

 gravelly loams. 



As in California all the moisture is retained in the soil by 

 cultivation during spring, that possibly can be held, as a case 

 of necessity, our soils are apt to be cold during the beginning of 

 the growing season, especially the close and compact ones. Every 

 interspace of these is filled up with moisture and the warm air 

 can not penetrate down readily. If soils have become somewhat 

 dry and are then thoroughly soaked up by a warm rain, we have 

 the greatest incentive to a vigorous and rapid plant-growth. Such 

 conditions occur in the southeastern States. 



In setting out vines on close and compact soils, these should 

 be worked over deeply in order to make the interspaces larger, 

 so warm air can pass down readily and the roots penetrate them 

 without difficulty. Where 'such working over is not possible, 

 exceedingly deep holes should be made and a shovel full-of stable 

 manure mixed with earth put in their bottoms, if soils are either 

 clayey or gravelly and poor. If these are naturally rich, moist 

 and mellow, additional manure might hurt some vines like Ru- 

 pestris St. George and should be left out, but it will not easily 

 hurt a Lenoir or Champini even on the richer soils. 



