96 RIDING 



get a few steps in the first few lessons, be satisfied, and try 

 for a little more each time till he gives it to you altogether 

 without attempting to stop ; but above all things avoid getting 

 up a fight with him. 



When the horse works steadily and quietly in ' shoulder in ' 

 to both hands, he may next be asked to ' passage,' and this 

 should be started from 'shoulder in.' Supposing, again, that 

 you are working on the right rein, without in any way changing 

 the position of the horse, take the right leg nearly away from 

 him altogether, close the left leg, and try, by leading the 

 shoulders off with the right rein, to passage him across the 

 school in the same position he was in at * shoulder in.' He 

 will most likely advance a little at first, instead of passaging 

 square across ; but so long as he goes in the required direc- 

 tion, be satisfied, only, if possible, keep the bend to the right 

 until he arrives at the opposite side, and then change it to 

 the left, allow him to go forward, and make much of him. 

 ' Passaging ' differs from ' shoulder in ' in this respect, that in 

 ' shoulder in ' the horse bends and looks the contrary way to 

 that in which he is going, whereas in the * passage ' he bends 

 and looks and goes the same way j also that in making a turn 

 while working ' shoulder in,' it is made on the forehand, the 

 inward rein staying the forehand, and the inward leg circling 

 the croup round, while in the * passage ' all turns are made on 

 the haunches, the inward leg staying the hind quarters, and 

 the inward rein circling the horse's forehand round. 



' Passage shoulder out ' is working ' passage ' with the 

 horse's head towards the side of the school, and making the 

 turns at the corners of the house on the haunches. The horse 

 is brought to this position from ' shoulder in ' by turning out- 

 wards about that is to say, if working right shoulder in, turn- 

 ing left about, and brought back to ' shoulder in ' by turning 

 left about ; and in this case the horse should make the turn on 

 his centre, the man's body being on the same line during and 

 after the turn as before he began it. The horse's fore and 

 hind feet should, while going about, describe a complete circle. 



