EARLY HISTORY OF HORSEMANSHIP 229 



low state, many of the operations being useless, while ' charms ' 

 are recommended for some diseases. 



It was perhaps during his visit to Paris in 1645, that the 

 Duke of Newcastle acquired a taste for the manege, for his 

 work was written after he had left that city for a residence 

 at Antwerp. ' La Methode Nouvelle de dresser les Chevaux ' 1 

 gave to its noble author the widest reputation ever enjoyed by 

 any writer upon horsemanship, and although the system now 

 appears to us severe and crude, it was for a long time con- 

 sidered the best and most original work extant. This treatise 

 was composed in English, but was published in 165 8 in French, 

 having been translated into that language by a secretary under 

 the author's direction. 



The Earl of Pembroke, in 1761, issued a small manual 

 of riding and training, designed for the use of the cavalry. 

 Berenger's 2 work, 1754, for a long time the source of nearly all 

 of our knowledge of the history of horsemanship, was princi- 

 pally from continental sources, but much credit is due to him for 

 his labours, and I think, after having read his writings, that he 

 must have been a practical horseman. 



The next work of importance, with any pretence to origin- 

 ality, which appeared in England, was that of Adams in 1799. 

 This seems to me one of the best books ever written upon 

 the subject, but from the work itself I can hardly credit the 

 writer's assertion that he is indebted to no other teacher than 

 experience, for his treatise shows that he must have been 

 thoroughly acquainted with the best French methods of the 

 time. 



No writer has ever had such influence upon horsemanship 

 as that exercised by Baucher. Even in his native France, as 

 elsewhere, his work is now discredited, and many faults are 

 found in the system he invented. But, for all that, Baucher' $ 

 method is the foundation of all that is good in modern horseman- 

 ship. His idea of obtaining control over the horse by culti- 



1 La Mtthode Nouvelle de dresser les- Chevaux. Antwerp, 1658. 



2 History and Art of Horsemanship. 



