CLIMBERS. 157 



where, but does not climb so high. It is easily 

 known from the ordinary hedge Galium by its 

 bright black berries and its verticels of rigid dark 

 green leaves. Madder, the root of this, or of a 

 closely allied species, is a most important dye. It 

 gives the much admired Turkey-red colour, also 

 madder-brown and yellow. Large quantities are 

 exported from Smyrna, Trieste, and Leghorn. 



We have now disposed of the " savage " 

 climbers, so we turn to the cultivated ones. Of 

 these the number is so great that I can enumerate 

 only a few of the commonest. Some half-dozen are 

 described in other chapters, viz., Ipomcea, Bougain- 

 villea, Boussingaultia, Mandevillea (or Echites), Alla- 

 manda, and the Climbing Fig (Ficus repens). I 

 have spoken also of the Gourds ; and of the 

 Physianthus (or Arauja) with its milky juice and 

 silken seeds. The Vine (Fig. 62) needs no description. 

 Tacsonia with its tubular pendulous flowers, and the 

 Passion- flower are as well known as they are beau- 

 tiful. One of these latter plants in my garden 

 spread twenty yards in two years, and might have 

 extended still farther if it had been watered all through 

 the Summer. It produced a multitude of flowers, but 

 no fruit, although the blossoms appeared to be perfect. 



Buddleia : B. Madagascar iensis and B. Lindleyana 

 may almost be reckoned among climbers. One 

 species has violet flowers. The Climbing Groundsel 

 or Drawing-room Ivy (Senecio scandens) has, besides 

 its English alias, two Latin ones, Delairea and 

 Mikania. It is an untidy plant, and, from a botanical 

 point of view, quite unlike an Ivy. This Composite 

 appears disposed to establish itself on the Riviera. 1 



