580 PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 



THE CELL 



PROTEIN, FAT, \ ^^ ^^ END-PRODUCTS 



CARBOHYDRATE > 



COMBUSTION 



Without doubt both anabolic and catabolic processes are going on in- 

 cessantly within every individual living cell. At one time the anabolic 

 phase will be more prominent; at another the catabolic activity will be 

 in the ascendency. It should also be borne in mind that metabolism 

 implies a transformation of energy as well as an exchange of materials. 



For further brief discussions of certain phases of metabolism see 

 the following experiments. A detailed discussion being out of place 

 in this volume, the reader is referred to the following books: 



(1) Taylor's "Digestion and Metabolism," Lea and Febiger. 



(2) Sherman's "Chemistry of Food and Nutrition," Macmillan. 



(3) Osier & McCrae's "Modern Medicine," Vol. II, Second Edi- 

 tion, Lea and Febiger. The author's section on "General Considera- 

 tions of Metabolism," pages 549-673. 



(4) Lusk's "The Science of Nutrition," Saunders. 



METABOLISM EXPERIMENTS 



i. Influence of Dietary Deficiencies 



Introduction. Approximate weight equilibrium is a standard condition for 

 the majority of adult men and women. The child, on the contrary, must show 

 a continuous gain in body weight in order to be adjudged normal. All other 

 things being equal, the child who receives an~ adequate diet will show normal 

 growth gains, whereas the child who receives a deficient diet will fail to grow or 

 will grow at an abnormally slow rate. The character and extent of the dietary 

 deficiency will regulate the character and extent of the gains or losses in body 

 weight. 



In order that a diet may be adequate for growth, it must contain at least 

 seven factors as follows : 



1. "Fat-Soluble A" Vitamine. 



2. "Water-Soluble B Vitamine. 



3. " Water-Soluble C" Vitamine. 



4. Protein, proper in kind and amount. 



5. Energy furnished by fats and carbohydrates. 



6. Inorganic matter, proper in kind and amount. 



7. Water, 



In order that the above dietary factors shall function most satisfactorily, 

 sufficient roughage should be included to obviate constipation and insure the 

 evacuation of normal stools. 



