v] Euphorbiaceas, Amentaceae 69 
105 F., pulse 90, and increased respiration. The illness is protracted 
over several weeks, the animals being comatose after the first symptoms. 
REFERENCES. 
73, 81, 112, 130, 146, 170, 190, 205, 213, 255. 
Box (Buxus sempervirens L.). Farm live-stock may occasionally 
have the opportunity of browsing on box, or clippings may be thrown 
to them with other green herbage from gardens. Care should be taken 
that clippings are otherwise disposed of. All parts of the plant are 
bitter and have been proved to be poisonous. The bitter taste tends 
to prevent animals eating sufficient of the plant to cause serious injury. 
Pigs have died a day after eating the leaves. Horses also were killed 
by eating 750 grammes (1-6 Ib.) of the foliage. 
Toxic Principles. Faure found in the bark and leaves of box the 
toxic alkaloid Buxine, but it was believed that there were other toxic 
substances, since analysis showed the leaves to be less rich in Buxine 
than the bark, while they are three times as active. Other substances 
occurring in box are Pambuxine, Buxinidine, and Pardbuxinidine. 
Symptoms. Small amounts have an emetic and purgative action; 
with average amounts, there are, in addition, nervous symptoms, lame- 
ness, muscular tremors, vertigo, then a period of coma. Large amounts 
cause death with intense abdominal pains, dysenteric flux, tenesmus, 
convulsions, respiratory and circulatory troubles. 
Pigs are chiefly affected after eating the leaves, exhibiting great 
thirst, uncertain gait and delirium, while death occurs within twenty- 
four hours. 
Pott gives the general symptoms as sickness, diarrhoea, giddiness, 
stupefaction, convulsive movements, and colic. 
REFERENCES. 
4, 16, 73, 128, 190, 205, 213, 235. 
AMEHTACB& 
The Oak (Quercus sp.). Injury to stock from the Oak has been due 
in the first place to the leaves, and in the second to the acorns. In 
regard to the leaves no injury appears to have been recorded in Britain, 
but Cornevin devotes attention only to poisoning by the leaves, which 
in special circumstances have caused serious accidents to animals which 
