INTKODUC 



IN 



STRUCTURAL BOTANY. 



SECTION 1. THE BEGINNINGS OF PLANT LIFE. 



1. If the first rain of the wet season is followed by warm, sunny 

 weather, specks of green will soon appear among the dry steins of last 

 year's weeds; and in fence corners or other eddy nooks where summer 

 winds have drifted seeds and covered them with dust, yon may find per- 

 fect mats of baby plants. "With a shovel skim off a f'e\v square inches of 

 this plant-bearing soil, and carefully examine it. Except, a, few green 

 needles, which you recognize as spears of grass, most of these little plants 

 seem to consist of white stems, which split at the top into pairs of green 

 leaves. Looking sharply, you may find between each pair of leaves a 



1 . Ssed of Bur-clover just be- 

 fore it appears above ground. 2- 

 Same three days older. 3. Mus- 

 tard. 4. Uur- clover showing the 

 first nnd second plumule leaves; 

 the former simple (apparently), 

 the 1 ,tter with three leaflets. 5. 

 Mallows (Malvuborealis), show- 

 ing the long-pet oled see 1 leaves 

 (Cotyledons , and one plumule 

 leaf unfolded. 6- Filaria (Ero- 

 dium), with lobecl or sub-com- 

 pound seed leaves. 



tiny bud; or, in the older plants, this may have grown other leaves, which 

 curiously enough are not like the first two. (Figures 1 to G). Searching 

 through the shovelful of earth you will likely find plants in all stages of 

 growth, from swollen and sprouting seeds to steins, which are jusfc push- 

 ing their bowed leaf-heads into the sunlight. Here, then, is material 

 from which you ma^r learn how plants grow; a lesson, remember, which 

 no text-book or schoolmaster can teach you. It will bo easier, however, 

 since most of these early wild plants come from very small seeds, to take 



