52 .. '" KOSACEJE. (ROSE FAMILY.) 



1. N. opulifolia, Benth. & Hook. A shrub 3 to 10 ft. high, with slender spreading 

 or recurved branches and ash-colored shreddy bark; leaves ovate to cordate, 3-lobed and 

 toothed, 1 to 3 inches long. 



5. RUBUS, L. 



Calyx persistent 5-lobed. Petals 5, conspicuous. Stamens numerous. Carpels numer- 

 ous, on a convex receptacle, becoming small globose 1-seeded drupes, forming a com- 

 pound berry. Fruit edible. 



1. Fruit with a bloom, separating from the receptacle when ripe. 



Leaves simple, palmately lobed; stem soft, woody Nutkanus. 1 



Leaves 3-foliolate, or on the flowering branches simple, rarely 5-foliolate; stems soft, 

 woody, prickly 



Flowers large, red spectabilis. 2 



Flowers white leucodermis. 3 



Stems herbaceous, trailing unarmed pedatus. 4 



2. Fruit persistent, black and shining; stems prickly, fiowers white ursinus. 5 



1. R. Nutkanus, Moc. (THIMBLE-BERRY.) Stems erect, 3 to 8 ft. high; older bark 

 shreddy, no prickles; leaves 4 to 12 inches broad; flowers large white, rarely rose-col- 

 ored, an inch or more across; fruit red, large. 



2. R. spectabilis, Pursh. (SALMON-BERRY. ) Stems 5 to 10 ft. high, similar to the 

 last, but armed with a few prickles. Distinguished by its large red flowers and cylin- 

 drical-ovoid yellow or purplish berries. 



Var. Menziesii, Wat. Densely tomentose and silky. 



3. R. leucodermis, Dougl. (RASPBERRY.) May be known by its leaflets, white, 

 tomentose beneath, prickly stem, white flowers, and its yellowish red white-bloomed 

 fruit. 



4. R. pedatus, Smith. Stems slender pubescent; leaflets cuneate-obovate, an inch 

 or less in length; flowers white; the at length reflexed sepals exceeding the petals; berry 

 of only 3 to 6 large red pulpy drupelets. 



5. R, ursinus, Cham. & Schl. (BLACKBERRY. ) Stems weak or trailing, 5 to 20 ft. 

 long; fruit oblong. 



6. CERCOCARFUS, HBK. 



Calyx narrow, tubular, the campanulate 5-lobed limb deciduous. Petals none. Sta- 

 mens in 2 or 3 rows on the limb of the calyx. Carpels solitary. Fruit a villous akene, 

 included in the enlarged calyx-tube, tailed with the elongated exserted plumose twisted 

 style. 



Evergreen shrubs or trees. C. ledifolius, ISTutt. is the MOUNTAIN MAHOGANY of 

 the Sierra Nevada. The following is found in the Coast Range. 



