476 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



mouth is moderately large, the maxilla not widely expanded 

 behind and reaching to below the front of the pupil. Supple- 

 mental maxillary bone well developed; seven rows of scales on 

 the cheeks; gill rakers short and stiff, 11 developed on the first 

 arch, the longest one third as long as the eye; a short, broad 

 opercular flap, its width and length about equal and two thirds 

 of length of eye. The spinous dorsal begins over the sixth 

 scale of the lateral line, its base nearly equal in length to the 

 head; the first spine is two thirds as long as the eye; the spines 

 increase gradually in length to the seventh, which is two fifths 

 as long as the spinous dorsal base and one half the length of 

 the head without the snout; the 10th spine is nearly as long as 

 the seventh; the seventh and longest soft ray is one half as long 

 as the head; the last ray is one third as long as the head. The 

 base of the soft dorsal is about two thirds as long as the 

 spinous dorsal base. The anal begins under the 24th scale of 

 the lateral line; the first spine is three fourths as long as the 

 eye; the second is nearly twice, and the third two and one half 

 times as long as the first; the length of the anal base equals 

 One fifth of the total without the caudal; the fourth and longest 

 anal ray is as long as the postorbital part of the head ; the last 

 ray is a little more than one half as long as the fourth. The 

 caudal fin is emarginate, the middle rays three fourths as long 

 as the external. The ventral reaches to the vent, its spine one 

 half as long as the head, without the snout, its length one fifth 

 of the total without the caudal. The pectoral reaches to below 

 the 17th scale of the lateral line. The lateral line follows the 

 outline of the back. D. X, 11; A. Ill, 10; V. I, 5; P. 13. Scales 

 7-47-14. 



In spirits the color is pale brown, the fins paler. The oper- 

 cular flap has a dark spot as described above. In life there is 

 generally a black blotch on the hinder part of the dorsal and 

 anal; the ground color is greenish with a brassy tinge on the 

 sides, the lower parts yellowish; blue spots and gilt borders 

 usually ornament the scales, and faint dark bands are often 

 present. The dorsal, anal and caudal have blue or green mark- 



