FISHES OF NEW YORK 693 



frequent visitor to the shores and is probably a resident of the 

 middle depths. The young are frequently trawled in deep water. 



Family GADIDAE 



Codfishes 



Genus POLLACHIUS Xilsson 



Body rather elongate, covered with minute scales; mouth 

 moderate or large, the lower jaw projecting; barbel very small 

 or obsolete; villiform teeth on vomer, none on palatines; teeth in 

 jaws equal or the outer slightly enlarged; gill membranes more 

 or less united; subopercle and postclavjcle not enlarged and not 

 ivory like; dorsal fins three; anal two; caudal lunate; vent under 

 first dorsal. Large fishes of the northern seas. 



345 Pollachius virens (Linnaeus) 

 Pollack 



Gadus virens LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat. ed. X, I, 253, 1758. 



Gadus purpureus MITCHILL, Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. N. Y. I, 370, 1815. 



Merlangus purpureus STORER, Rep. Fish. Mass. 130, 1839; DE KAY, X. Y. 



Fauna, Fishes, 286, pi. 45, fig. 147. 1842; STOREE, Hist. Fish. Mass. 180, 



pi. XXVII, fig. 3, 1867. 

 Mcrlungus carbonarius STOKER, Rep. Fish. Mass. 129, 1839; DE KAY, N. Y. 



Fauna, Fishes, 287, pi. 45, fig. 144, 1842. 



Merlangus leptocepJiaius DE KAY, op. cit. 288. pi. 45, fig. 146, Long Island. 

 Pollachius carbonarius GOODE & BEAN, Bull. Essex Inst. XI, 8, 1879. 

 PoUachius mrens JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fish. N. A. 493, 1896; 



BEAN, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. IX. 371, 1897; H. M. SMITH. Bull. 



U. S. F. C. 1897, 107, 1898; JORDAN & EVERMANN, Bull. 47, U. S. Nat. 



Mus. Ill, 2534, 1898; IV, pi. CCCLIX. fig. 886, 1900. 



The length of the body is four and one fourth times the depth 

 of the body and four times the length of the head. Body rather 

 elongate, compressed; snout sharp and conic; mouth rather 

 small, oblique; maxillary reaching beyond front of orbit; lower 

 jaw slightly the longer; teeth in upper jaw nearly equal, the 

 outer series not specially enlarged; barbel rudimentary or obso- 

 lete; gill membranes considerably united, free from isthmus; 

 vent under first dorsal; caudal fin lunate; pectorals short, 

 scarcely reaching anal; ventrals short. D. 13-22-20; A. 25-20; 

 Lat. 1. about 150; vertebrae 54. 



Greenish brown above; sides and below somewhat silvery; 

 lateral line pale; fins mostly pale; sometimes a black spot on the 

 axil. 



