FISHES OF NEW YORK 695 



The cranium is proportionally broader toward the front and 

 ]<-ss flattened, while the brain case is flattened below, decidedly 

 swollen on each side of a depressed sphenoidal groove, and has 

 an ovate cardiform shape; the paraoccipital or epiotic is not 

 produced into an angle behind, but is obtusely rounded, and its 

 posterior or outwardly descending ridge blunt; the o,pisthotic is 

 well developed, oblong, and with its reentering angle high up, 

 and, on a line with it, the surface is divided into two parts a 

 narrow and flattened one, and a lower, expanded one, much 

 swollen; the alisphenoid or prootic is oblong, acutely emarginate 

 in front, swollen from the region of the high anterior sinus, 

 and above a little produced forward; the great frontal is a little 

 longer than broad, w r ith supraoccipital crest continued forward 

 on the bone, and near the front expanded upward, and with the 

 expanded portion behind dividing into narrow lateral wings; the 

 lateral testiform ridges of the frontal are continued forward 

 and curved outward toward the antero-lateral angles; the ante- 

 rior frontals are mostly covered in front by the great frontal, 

 and are much developed in the direction of the antero-lateral 

 angles, the inferior expanded axillary portion being very nar- 

 row; the nasal has a rounded ridge in front, continued well 

 below, and its posterior crest is laminar and trenchant. 



Species American; valued as food. 



346 Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum) 

 Tomcod; Frostfish 



Gadus tonwod WALBAUM. Art. Gen. Pise. Ill, 133, 1792. 



find us tomcod us MITCHILL. Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. X. Y. I, 368. 1815: 



STOKER, Rep. Fish. Mass. 126, 1839; GUNTHEH, Cat. Fish. Brit Mus. 



IV. 331, 1862. 



Gadux pririnosus MITCHILL, Rep. Fish. N. Y. 4, 1814. 

 Morrluia pruinosa DE KAY. X. Y. Fauna. Fish. 278, pi. 44, fig. 142, 1842: 



STOKER, Hist. Fish. Mass. 179, pi. XXVII. fig. 5, 1867. 

 Microgadus tomcodu-s GOODE & BEAX, Bull. Essex Inst. XI, 8, 1879; BEAX. 



19th Rep. Comm. Fish. X. Y. 248, pi. Ill, fig. 3, 1890. 

 Microgad-us tomcod JORDAN & GILBERT, Bull. 16, U. S. Xat. Mus. 806. 1883; 



BEAX. Bull. Am. Mus. Xat. Hist. IX, 371, 1897; MEARXS, Bull. Am. 



Mus. Xat. Hist. X, 322, 1898; EUGENE SMITH, Proc. Linn. Soc. 



X. Y. 1897, 40, 1898; H. M. SMITH, Bull. U. S. F. C. 1897, 107. 1898; 



JORDAN & EVERMAXX. Bull. 47, U. S. Xat. Mus. Ill, 2540, 1898: IV, pi. 



CCCLX, fig. 890. 1900; BEAX, 52d Ann. Rep. X. Y. State Mus. 109, 



1900. 



