36 JUNIPERACEAE 



FAMILY 2. JUNIPERACEAE Horan. JUNIPER FAMILY. 



Mostly evergreen often slightly resiniferous shrubs or trees, with fibrous, 

 shreddy bark, the buds naked. Leaves mainly appressed scales or sometimes 

 subulate and spreading. Ovulate aments with bractless scales. Ovules erect. 

 Fruit a cone of dry often peltate, scales, or baccate or drupaceous. Seed wing- 

 less, or winged, the wing a portion of the testa. 



Plants monoecious: cones dry: scales merely imbricated. 



Leaves not scale-like, spreading. 1. TAXODIUM. 



Leaves mostly scale-like, typically appressed and imbricated. 



-, . 



Cones elongated: scales not peltate: seeds winged at both ends. 2. THUJA. 



Cones nearly globose: scales peltate: seeds slightly winged. 3. CHAMAECYPARIS. 



Plants mostly dioecious: cones berry-like or drupe-like: scales fleshy, coalescent. 

 Leaves subulate and spreading on the mature branches: aments axillary, 



the ovulate with smaller scales at the top. 4. JUNIPERUS. 



Leaves scale-like and appressed on the mature branches : aments terminal, 



the ovulate with larger scales at the top. 5. SABINA. 



1. TAXODIUM L. C. Kich. 1 



Deciduous-leaved trees, the roots producing erect conic knees. Leaves often 

 almost 2-ranked: blades narrow. Staminate aments in panicled spikes or racemes. 

 Ovulate aments with peltate scales. Cones spreading, globular or obovoid, the scales 

 woody, stalked. Seeds wingless. Spring. CYPRESS. 



Leaves 2-ranked, widely spreading: branchlets horizontal: bark thin, comparatively smooth. 



1. T. distichum. 

 Leaves appressed to the erect branchlets: bark thick, strongly furrowed. 2. T. ascendans. 



1. Taxodium distichum (L.) L. C. Kich. A tree becoming 49 m. tall, the base 

 of trunk conic, narrowly ridged, the bark thin, relatively smooth : leaves 1-1.5 cm. long, 

 often curved: cones globular, about 2.5 cm. in diameter: seeds 8-10 mm. long. 



In swamps, in or near the coastal plain, usually along the larger rivers and over cal- 

 careous rocks, Delaware to Florida and Texas, ascending the Mississippi Valley to Missouri 

 and Indiana. A Mexican species, T. mucronatum Tenore, may occur in southern Texas. 

 BALD CYPRESS. 



2. Taxodium ascndens Brongn. A tree typically smaller than T. distichum, 

 but with very similar inflorescence and fruit, the knees less abundant, the trunk with a 

 conoidal broadly ridged base: leaves incurved; blades 0.5-1 cm. long. 



In pine-land ponds, creeks and small rivers in the coastal plain, usually over a clay 

 subsoil, Virginia (?) (Dismal Swamp) to Florida and Louisiana. POND CYPRESS. 



2. THUJA L. 



Evergreen shrubs or trees. Leaves scale-like, 4-ranked, often with a gland on 

 the back. Staminate aments solitary. Ovulate aments with imbricated scales: cones 

 drooping, oblong or ovoid, the scales leathery, lax. Seeds winged on both sides. 



1. Thuja occidentalis L. A shrub, or a tree becoming 18< m. tall, the branchlets 

 zigzag: leaves appressed, those of the branches 5-7 mm. long, those of the twigs of 

 2 forms, one set flattish, the other boat-like and overlapping the flat ones: staminate 

 aments in depression: cones 9-13 mm. long; scales obtuse, each with a gland at the 

 apex: seeds 5 mm. long, the wings 6-7 mm. long. 



In swamps or on rocky banks, New Brunswick to Manitoba, North Carolina and 

 Tennessee. Spring. WHITE CEDAR. ARBOR VITAE. 



3. CHAMAECYPARIS Spach. 



Trees. Leaves scale-like and imbricated, each with a gland on the back, or 

 sometimes subulate on twigs. Staminate aments terminal. Ovulate aments with 

 peltate scales. Cones spreading, globular: scales woody, appendaged. Seeds angled 

 or slightly winged. CYPRESS. 



1. Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S.P. A strong-scented tree becoming 27 

 m. tall: leaves 1-2 mm. long, appressed, the lateral ones keeled, the vertical merely 

 convex: staminate aments 2-3 mm. long: ovulate aments glaucous, the scales with 

 hyaline appendages: cones globular, 5-7 mm. in diameter: seeds narrowly winged. 



Coastal plain, Maine to Florida and Mississippi. Spring. WHITE CEDAR. 



1 Eevised by Dr. Eoland M. Harper. 



