132 POACEAE 



base of the steins and along the stolons ; blades 2.5-5 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, flat, rigid, 

 rough above : spikes 4 or 5, digitate, 1-5 cm. long : spikelets 2 mm. long, the outer scales 

 hispid on the keel. [Cynodon Dactylon (L. ) Pers.] 



In fields and waste places, southern New York to Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Florida and Texas. 

 Naturalized from Europe. Summer and fall. BERMUDA GRASS. 



76. SFARTINA Schreb. 



Often tall grasses, with flat or convolute leaf-blades and spicate inflorescence, the spikes 

 one-sided, the rachis extending beyond the spikelets. Spikelets 1 -flowered, sessile or 

 nearly so, much crowded and imbricated in 2 rows. Scales 3, firm-membranous, the 2 

 outer empty, narrow, very unequal, keeled, the flowering scale equalling or a little longer 

 and broader than the second scale ; palet thin or almost hyaline, enclosing a perfect flower, 

 obscurely 2-nerved, scarcely included in the scale which it often slightly exceeds. Stamens 

 3. Styles elongated. Stigmas 2, thread-like, papillose or shortly plumose. MARSH GRASS. 



Second scale long-awned. 1. S. cynosuroide?. 



Second scale awnless. 



First scale strongly hispid on the keel. 



Leaf-blades wide (1-2.5 cm.), flat. 2. S. polystachya. 



Leaf-blades narrow (6 mm. or less) involute, at least when dry. 



First scale less than % as long as the second : spikes usually few, erect or 



ascending. 3. S. patens. 



First scale about % as long as the second : spikes numerous, appressed. 4. S. junciformte. 

 First scale not hispid on the keel. 5. S. stricta. 



1. Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Willd. Stems 6-18 dm. tall: leaf -blades 3 dm. 

 long or more, 6-14 mm. wide, attenuate into long slender tips : spikes 5-30, ascending or 

 erect, 5-13 cm. long : spikelets strongly imbricated, 12-14 mm. long, the empty scales 

 strongly hispid on the keel. 



In swamps and streams of brackish or fresh water, Nova Scotia to Assiniboia, New Jersey and 

 Texas. Summer and fall. 



2. Spartina polystachya (Michx.) Ell. Stems 1-3 m. tall, stout : leaf-blades 3 dm. 

 long or more, 1-2.5 cm. wide, flat, attenuate into long slender tips : spikes 20-50, as- 

 cending, 5-10 cm. long : spikelets much imbricated, 8-10 mm. long, the empty scales 

 strongly hispid on the keel. 



In salt and brackish marshes, New Jersey to Florida. Summer and fall. WHITE RUSH. SALT 

 REED GRASS. 



3. Spartina patens ( Ait. ) Muhl. Stems 3-9 dm. tall, usually from a branching and 

 decumbent base : leaf-blades 1.5-3 dm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, involute, attenuate into long 

 tips: spikes 2-10, 2.5-5 cm. long, usually ascending : spikelets 6-8 mm. long, the empty 

 scales hispid on the keel. [S. juncea Willd.] 



On salt meadows, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia to Florida and Texas. Summer and fall. SALT 

 MEADOW GRASS. WHITE RUSH. 



4. Spartina juncifdrmis Engelm. & Gray. Stems tufted, stout, rigid, 3-10 dm. 

 tall : leaf -sheaths thick, hard, the lower ones shining ; blades involute, 5 dm. long or less : 

 panicle 1-2 dm. long, narrow, strict, its branches 3-4 cm. long : spikelets about 7 mm. 

 long, the first scale at least f as long as the third scale. 



In sandy or alluvial soil, Florida to Texas. Summer and fall. 



5. Spartina stiicta (Ait.) Both. Stems 3-10 dm. tall, erect, usually stout: leaf- 

 blades 5 dm. long or less : panicle 1-3 dm. long, its branches appressed, 4-10 cm. long : 

 spikelets 1-1.5 cm. long, glabrous or appressed -pubescent. [$. giahra Muhl.] 



In salt or brackish marshes, Maine to Florida, Texas and California. Summer and fall. 



77. CAMPULOSUS Desv. 



Often tall perennial grasses, with narrow flat or convolute leaf-blades and usually a 

 terminal straight or curved dense spike. Spikes rarely 2 or 3. Spikelets 1-2-flowered, if 

 the latter the upper flower staminate, sessile, crowded in 2 rows. Scales 6 or 7, the lower 

 4 empty, the first small, keeled, awnless, the second larger than the others, membranous or 

 rigid, acute or 2-cleft, generally bearing near the middle a dorsal often stout and usually 

 horizontal awn, or the awn sometimes reduced to a tubercle, the third, fourth and fifth scales 

 awned, more delicate than the second, the 2 former empty or enclosing palets, the fifth scale 

 enclosing a palet and a perfect flower, the remaining scales narrow, empty or enclosing 

 palets, the first also rarely a staminate flower. Stamens 3. Styles distinct. Stigmas 

 plumose. TOOTHACHE GRASS. 



