262 ALLIACEAE 



toothed bractlets : capsules usually about J longer than the perianth : seeds with a con- 

 spicuous hooked caruncle at the top. [Luzula Carolinae S. Wats.] 



In woods, New Brunswick to Alaska, Georgia, Tennessee, Michigan and Oregon. Also in Europe 

 and Asia. Spring. 



2. Juncoides echinatum Small. Base of the plants not bulblet-bearing. Foliage 

 webby -pubescent : stems 2.5-5 dm. tall : inflorescence umbel-like, subtended by a leaf- 

 like bract : peduncles conspicuously unequal, each terminated by an oblong or a cylindric 

 spike : sepals and petals lanceolate, 3-4 mm. long, greenish or pale brown, acuminate, 

 soft and hyaline at the tip : capsules obovoid, 2. 5-3 mm. long, manifestly longer than thick, 

 much surpassed by the sepals and petals. [Luzula campestris Chapm. in part, not DC.] 



In woodlands, North Carolina to Georgia and Alabama. Spring. 



3. Juncoides bulbosum (Wood) Small. Base of the plants accompanied by bulb- 

 lets. Foliage almost glabrous or somewhat webby on the leaf-margins and at the tops of 

 the sheaths : stems 1-4 dm. tall, usually lower than those of J. echinatum : inflorescence 

 umbel-like, the peduncles very unequal at maturity : sepals and petals ovate-lanceolate or 

 lanceolate, 2-2.5 mm. long, brownish, acuminate, neither manifestly soft nor hyaline at 

 the apex : capsules broadly obovoid, or globose-obovoid, often nearly as thick as long, sur- 

 passing the sepals or sometimes about equalling them. 



In woods, thickets and open sandy places, Virginia to Kansas, Georgia and Texas. Spring. 



FAMILY 3. ALLIACEAE Batsch. ONION FAMILY. 



Perennial mainly scapose herbs, with bulbs or corms. Leaves basal or more 

 rarely cauline : blades narrow. Flowers in terminal umbels, which are at first 

 enveloped in and finally subtended by a scarious involucre. Perianth sometimes 

 conspicuous. Sepals and petals 3 each, quite similar in shap^, usually mem- 

 branous, distinct or partially united. Androecium of 6 stamens. Filaments 

 usually distinct. Anthers 2-celled. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels. Ovary 

 superior, 3-celled. Styles united. Ovules 1-several in each cavity. Fruit a 

 loculicidal capsule, 3-lobed, sometimes crested. 



Sepals and petals distinct or nearly so. 



Ovules or seeds 1 or 2 in each cavity : plants with an onion-like odor. 



Ovules 2 in each cavity : scape or stem accompanied by leaves. 1. ALLIUM. 



Ovule 1 in each cavity : scape not accompanied by leaves. 2. VALIDALLIUM. 



Ovules or seeds several in each cavity : plants destitute of an onion-like odor. 3. NOTHOSCORDIUM. 



Sepals and petals united to about the middle. 4. ANDROSTEPHIUM. 



1. ALLIUM L. 



Characteristically odorous herbs, with solitary or clustered bulbs. Leaves basal or 

 mainly so : blades narrow, sometimes hollow or keeled, several. Scapes or stems simple, 

 often hollow. Flowers perfect, in terminal usually simple umbels subtended by 2-3 thin 

 bracts. Perianths of various colors, often white, pink, green or purple, persistent : sepal& 

 and petals distinct or nearly so. Stamens 6, adnate to the bases of the sepals and petals : 

 filaments filiform or dilated, sometimes toothed : anthers opening introrsely. Ovary sessile 

 or nearly so, more or less completely 3-celled : style filiform, jointed : stigma somewhat 

 depressed. Ovules 2 in each cavity. Capsule membranous, loculicidal. ONION. GARLIC. 



Bulbs with membranous outer coats. 



Umbels horizontal or nodding during anthesis. 



Perianth campanulate, mostly white or pink : sepals acute. 1. A. cernuum. 



Perianth urn-shaped, mostly deep purple : sepals obtuse or notched. 2. A. Allegheniense. 



Umbels erect. 



Caulescent : naturalized species. 3. A. vineale. 



Scapose : Texano-Mexican species. 4. A. scaposum. 



Bulbs with fibrous outer coats. 



Sepals and petals obtuse or notched : flowers mostly replaced by bulblets. 



Umbels simple. 5. A. Canadense. 



Umbels 1-2- proliferous. 6. A. continuum. 



Sepals and petals acute or acuminate : flowers rarely replaced by bulblets. 

 Ovary and valves of the capsule not crested. 

 Pedicels 16-25 mm. long. 



Sepals and petals 5-7 mm. long : bulbs mostly over 2 cm. long. 7. A, mutabile. 



Sepals and petals 4-5 mm. long : bulbs mostly less than 1.5 cm. long. 8. A. microscordion. 

 Pedicels 8-12 mm. long. 



Bulbs usually solitary ; the outer coats with loosely woven fibers : 



sepals and petals 4-5 mm. long. 9. A. arenicola. 



Bulbs usually 2 together ; the outer coats with tightly woven fibers : 



sepals and petals 6-7 mm. long. 10. A. Heller i. 



Ovary and valves of the capsule crested. 11. A. Cuthbertii. 



