266 LILIACEAE 



Flower or flowers erect : sepals and petals narrowed into claws. 



Leaves erect or nearly so, all alternate : sepals and petals long-acuminate. 1. L. Catesbaei. 



Leaves spreading, some alternate : sepals and petals merely acute, or obtuse. 



Leaves mostly alternate : capsules cylindric, over 5 cm. long. 2. L. umbeUatum. 



Leaves mostly whorl ed : capsules obovoid, less than 5 cm. long. 3. L. Philadelphicum. 



Flower or flowers horizontal or nodding : sepals and petals without claws. 



Leaf-blades finely roughened on the margins and nerves beneath : sepals and 



petals not recurved. 



Sepals and petals erect, abruptly pointed : flowers horizontal. 4. L. Grayi. 



Sepals and petals spreading at the middle, acuminate : flowers nodding. 5. L. Canadense. 

 Leaf-blades smooth : sepals and petals recurved. 



Foliage green : leaf-blades broadest below the middle. 6. L. superbum. 



Foliage glaucous : leaf-blades broadest above the middle. 7. L. Carolinianum. 



1. LUium Catesbafei Walt. Bulbs with narrow scales often prolonged into slender 

 tips : stems 3-8 dm. tall, simple : leaves alternate, erect or nearly so ; blades linear or 

 narrowly linear-lanceolate, 3-12 cm. long, fleshy : flowers solitary, erect : perianth mainly 

 scarlet : sepals and petals 8-12 cm. long ; blades lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, conspicu- 

 ously acuminate, undulate, spotted with purple and yellow, longer than the involute claw : 

 capsules oblong or obovoid-oblong, 1.5-2 cm. long. 



In low pine lands, North Carolina to Florida and Alabama. Summer. 



2. Lflium umbellatum Pursh. Bulbs with stout scales : stems 3-8 dm. tall, sim- 

 ple : leaves alternate or those under the inflorescence whorled ; blades linear, 3-8 cm. 

 long, ascending or spreading, pale beneath : flowers erect, solitary or 3 in a terminal 

 whorl : perianth red, orange or yellow : sepals and petals 5-8 cm. long ; blades elliptic to 

 oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acute or rather obtuse, narrowed into shorter claws : capsules 

 cylindric, 7-10 cm. long. 



In dry soil, Minnesota to Northwest Territory, Ohio, Arkansas and Colorado. Spring and summer. 



3. Lilium Fhilad61phicum L. Bulbs with stout scales : stems 3-9 dm. tall, simple, 

 at least below the inflorescence : leaves in whorls of 3' s or 8' s or alternate on the upper 

 part of stem ; blades linear to narrowly elliptic, 3-10 cm. long, acute or acuminate at both 

 ends, rough-margined : flowers solitary, or rarely 4 in a whorl : perianth mainly reddish 

 orange : sepals and petals 5-6 cm. long ; blades oblong, elliptic or oval, spotted with pur- 

 ple below the middle, longer than the claws, obtuse or abruptly pointed : capsules obo- 

 void, 2-4 cm. long. 



In open woods or rocky soil, Maine and Ontario to the mountains of North Carolina and West Vir- 

 ginia. Summer. 



4. Lilium Grayi S. Wats. Bulbs with many thick scales : stem 5-10 dm. tall, sim- 

 ple or topped by an umbel : leaves whorled in 3's-8's or scattered on the lower part of the 

 stem ; blades lanceolate to oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, 4-12 cm. long, acute or acuminate, 

 slightly roughened on the edges, sessile, minutely roughened on the nerves beneath : 

 flowers solitary or 3 at top of the stem, horizontal or nearly so : perianth mostly red : 

 sepals and petals oblong-spatulate, 3.5-4.5 cm. long, acute or abruptly pointed : capsules 

 fig-shaped, 3-4 cm. long. 



On high mountain peaks, Virginia, North Carolina and Tennessee. Summer. 



5. Lilium Canadense L. Bulbs stout, with numerous thick scales : stems 6-15 dm. 

 tall, more or less branched above, strict or slightly zigzag : leaves in whorls of 4's-10's or 

 scattered at the base or the top of stem ; blades linear to oblong or elliptic-oblong, 5-15 

 cm. long, acute or acuminate, roughened on the margins and nerves beneath : flowers sol- 

 itary or as many as 16 : perianth red or yellowish, often variegated, usually spotted : sepals 

 and petals broadest at or above the middle, 4.5-7.5 cm. long: capsules oblong-prismatic, 

 3-5 cm. long. 



In meadows and swamps, Nova Scotia to Minnesota, Georgia, Alabama and Missouri. Summer. 

 WILD YELLOW LILY. 



6. Lilium superbum L. Bulbs large, with thick scales : stems 9-25 dm. tall, strict, 

 shining : leaves in whorls of 3's-8's or alternate on the upper part of the stem ; blades 

 elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate or nearly linear, 5-15 cm. long, acuminate at both ends, 

 smooth, without conspicuously anastomosing veins, sessile or nearly so : pedicels spread- 

 ing : flowers showy, 3-40 : perianth orange, red or orange-yellow, nodding : sepals and 

 petals linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 6-10 cm. long, recurving from below the mid- 

 dle at maturity, usually spotted with purple : capsules oblong or obovoid-oblong, 3-5 cm. 

 long. 



In swamps or meadows, Maine to Minnesota, Georgia and Tennessee. Summer. TURK'S CAP LILY. 



7. Lilium Carolinianum Michx. Bulbs solitary or several together, with thick scales : 

 foliage glabrous : stems 6-12 dm. tall, simple or topped by a 3-rayed umbel : leaves in 

 whorls of 3's-8's or scattered at the base or top of the stem, or often all scattered ; blades 

 obovate, elliptic-obovate or oblanceolate, 3-12 cm. long, abruptly pointed or acuminate, 

 gradually narrowed to the sessile base, 3-nerved : flowers nodding, fragrant : perianth 



