352 FAGACEAE 



above, usually rusty-pubescent beneath and tufted in the axils or sometimes glabrate, the 

 lobes and their teeth bristle-tipped ; petioles 1-6 cm. long : acorns sessile or nearly so ; 

 cup turbinate or hemispheric-turbinate, 20-25 mm. broad, the scales coarse, appressed, 

 nearly flat ; nut globose-oblong or obovoid, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, abruptly pointed. [Q. tinc- 

 toria Michx.] 



In rocky or sandy soil, Maine to Ontario, Minnesota, Florida and Texas. BLACK OAK. QUERCITRON. 



17. Quercus digitata (Marsh. ) Sudw. A forest tree, reaching a height of 40 m. and 

 a trunk diameter of 1.5 m., the trunk clothed with a brown shallow-fissured bark. Leaf- 

 blades ovate or oval in outline, pinnatifid above a rounded base into 3-7 flaring or scythe- 

 shaped lobes, glabrate above, finely and usually densely tomentose beneath with yellow- 

 ish-gray hairs, the lobes (and their teeth when present) bristle-tipped, the terminal one 

 often conspicuously elongated ; petioles 2-4 cm. long : acorns short-peduncled ; cup saucer- 

 shaped above a turbinate base, 15-18 mm. broad, the scales lightly appressed, obtuse or 

 truncate at the apex ; nut subglobose, 1-1.5 cm. long. [Q.falcata Michx.] 



In sandy soil, New Jersey to Missouri, Florida and Texas. SPANISH OAK. RED OAK. 



18. Quercus pagodaefolia (Ell.) Ashe. A tree, becoming 32 m. tall, with a dark 

 gray rough bark and spreading branches. Leaf-blades oval to oblong, 1.5-3 dm. long, 

 broadly cuneate Or nearly truncate at the base, dark green above, persistently white-tomen- 

 tulose beneath, pinnately 5-13-lobed, the lobes lanceolate to narrowly triangular, mostly en- 

 tire ; petioles 3-6 cm. long : acorns sessile or nearly so ; cup shallow, with appressed scales ; 

 nut subglobose, about 1 cm. long, nearly one-half enclosed in the cup. 



In river swamps or low grounds, Virginia and Indiana to Missouri and Georgia. SPANISH OAK. 



19. Quercus liana (Marsh.) Sarg. An intricately branched shrub, forming wide 

 thickets, or sometimes a small tree reaching a height of 7 m., with a trunk diameter of 

 2 dm. , the stems clothed with a smooth gray or dark brown bark. Leaf -blades obovate or oval 

 in outline, pinnatifid into triangular ,or ovate bristle-tipped lobes, deep green and shining 

 above, white or pale gray -tomentose beneath ; petioles 1-2 cm. long : acorns short-pedun- 

 cled or nearly sessile, often clustered ; cup saucer-shaped, 15-18 mm. broad, the scales ap- 

 pressed ; nut ovoid, globose or depressed-globose, 10-15 mm. long, often striate. [Q. 

 ilicifolia Wang. ] 



In sandy or rocky soil, Maine to Ohio, North Carolina and Kentucky. BEAR OAK. SCRUB OAK. 



20. Quercus myrtifolia Willd. A much branched evergreen shrub, or a small tree 

 reaching a height of 6 m.,the trunk rarely 1 dm. in diameter, clothed with a smooth bark. 

 Leaf -blades leathery, obovate or oval, 2-5 cm. long, obtuse or apiculate, entire, or sinuate- 

 toothed on the shoots, glabrous and shining above, paler and dull beneath ; petioles 1-3 

 mm. long : acorns sessile or nearly so ; cup saucer-shaped, 10-13 mm. long, the scales 

 closely appressed and imbricated ; nut ovoid or oblong-ovoid, 1-1.4 cm. long, dark brown, 

 often striate, pubescent at the apex. 



On sand ridges, chiefly- near the coast, South Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. 



21. Quercus pumila Walt. A low shrub, spreading extensively by the underground 

 stems, the branches erect or ascending, 3-6 dm. tall or rarely 2 m. tall. Leaf-blades thickish, 

 narrowly oblong, varying to lanceolate or oblanceolate, 5-12 cm. long, obtuse or acute, 

 often slightly revolute, usually bright green and shining above, finely tomentose or gla- 

 brate beneath : acorns sessile or nearly so ; cup saucer-shaped, sometimes varying towards 

 hemispheric, 12-15 mm. broad, the scales relatively large, flat, appressed ; nut ovoid, 

 10-15 mm. long. 



On open sandy barrens, especially near the coast, North Carolina to Florida. RUNNING OAK. 



22. Quercus minima (Sarg.) Small. A low shrub, forming wide patches by the 

 extensive spreading of its underground stems, the branches erect or ascending, less than 1 m. 

 tall, solitary or several together. Leaf-blades obovate or sometimes oblong or oblanceolate, 

 3-10 cm. long, thickish, acute or apiculate, repand-toothed or the upper ones sometimes 

 entire, those of the shoots often lobed, glabrous on both sides, or finely tomentose beneath ; 

 petioles 2-5 mm. long : acorns solitary or several at the end of a short peduncle ; cup hemi- 

 spheric, sometimes slightly constricted at the base, about 15 mm. broad, the scales appressed, 

 thickened on the back, except near the edge ; nut ovoid or elliptic, 15-18 mm. long, dark 

 brown, glabrous. [ Q. virens var. dentata Chapm. ] 



In sandy sterile pine lands, chiefly near the coast, Florida. 



23. Quercus geminata Small. A shrub, or rarely a small tree, 3-4 m. tall, with a 

 trunk diameter of 10-15 cm., the bark pale or gray. Leaf -blades narrowly-oblong, elliptic 

 or oblong-oblanceolate, 3-6 cm. long, entire, obtuse or apiculate, strongly revolute, mostly 

 gradually narrowed at the base, rugose-reticulated, glabrous and parchment-like above,, 

 finely tomentose beneath ; petioles 2-6 mm. long : acorns usually 2 at the end of the peduncle 



