362 ULMACEAE 



obtuse : stamens long-exserted : fruiting heads globose, 5-15 cm. in diameter, golden- 

 yellow. [Madura aurantiaca Nutt. ] 



In fields or thickets, Virginia to Arkansas, Georgia and Texas. Late spring and summer. 



3. BROUSSONETIA L'Her. 



Wide-spreading trees, with a milky sap. Leaves alternate : blades undivided, or 3-5- 

 lobed, serrate, softly pubescent. Flowers dioecious, the staminate in elongated ament-like 

 spikes, with a perianth of 4 partially united valvate sepals, 4 stamens with filiform fila- 

 ments, and a rudimentary ovary. Pistillate flowers in heads, with an ovoid or tube-like 

 toothed perianth, a stalked included ovary with a single stigma. Ovule pendulous. Fruit- 

 ing head peduncled, each achene protruding from the persistent perianth, with a rugose 

 crustaceous endocarp. PAPER MULBERRY. 



1. Broussonetia papyrifera (L. ) Vent. A .Moms-like tree 4-15 m. tall, with hirsute- 

 tomentose twigs and foliage. Leaf-blades thinnish, ovate, serrate, undivided or 3-lobed, 

 acuminate or acute at the apex, rounded or cordate at the base, scabrous above, tomentose 

 beneath ; petioles ~J as long as the blades : racemes 2-5 cm. long, cylindric, longer than 

 the peduncles : mature heads globose, 2-3 cm. in diameter. 



In waste places or cultivated lands, New York to Missouri and Florida. Native of Asia. Spring. 



4. FICUS L. 



Monoecious or rarely dioecious shrubs, trees or climbing plants, with a thick milky 

 sap and usually naked buds. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite : blades entire, toothed 

 or lobed, leathery : stipules interpetiolar. Flowers in hollow receptacles. Staminate 

 flowers nearly sessile : calyx of 2-6 partially united sepals, or sometimes wanting : stamens 

 1 or 2, or rarely 3 : filaments short and stout, when more than one, united : anthers innate 

 or adnate. Pistillate flowers short-stalked : sepals commonly fewer and narrower than in 

 the staminate flowers, or rarely wanting. Ovary sessile, 1 -celled, sometimes oblique : style 

 lateral, elongated : stigma club-shaped, peltate or 2-lobed. Ovule suspended or horizontal, 

 anatropous. Achenes immersed in the accrescent receptacle. FIG. 



Leaf-blades lobed, very scabrous-pubescent. 1. F. Carica. 

 Leaf-blades entire, smooth and glabrous. 



Receptacles pedunculate. 2. F. populina. 



Receptacles sessile. 3. F. aurea. 



1. Ficus Carica L. A shrub or small tree 2-5 m. tall, the stems sometimes clustered. 

 Leaf-blades very scabrous-pubescent, firm, leathery, suborbicular or oval in outline, trun- 

 cate or cordate at the base, palmately 5-7-lobed ; lobes coarsely toothed or again lobed ; 

 petioles densely pubescent, about \ as 'long as the blades: fruit obovoid, 2-8 cm. long. 



In fields, escaped from cultivation, Virginia to Tennessee, Florida and Texas. Spring. 



2. Ficus populina Willd. A small tree, sometimes 15 m. tall with a maximum trunk 

 diameter of 5 dm. Leaf-blades leathery, ovate, oval or rarely obovate, 3-10 cm. long, ob- 

 tuse, acute or abruptly short-acuminate at the apex, entire, deep green, lustrous above, 

 rounded or cordate at the base ; petioles \-\ as long as the blades : receptacle globose-obo- 

 void, pedunculate : flowers intermixed with chaff-like scales : sepals united to about the 

 middle, broader in the pistillate flowers than in the staminate : fruit subglobose, 2-2.5 cm. 

 in diameter. [F. brevifolia Nutt] 



In hammocks, peninsular Florida and the Keys. Also in the West Indies. Spring and summer. 



3. Ficus aurea Nutt. A tree, starting as a parasite on the trunks of other trees, pro- 

 ducing aerial roots which on reaching the ground produce large trunks and propagate the 

 tree over large areas, maximum height 20 m. Leaf-blades leathery, oblong, oval or ellip- 

 tic, 3-10 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate at both ends, entire, yellowish green, lustrous 

 above, paler beneath, usually short-petioled : receptacles sessile or nearly so in the axils, 

 depressed globose, often in pairs : flowers reddish, tinged with purple, intermixed with 

 chaff-like scales : sepals united to the middle or only at the base, the lobes broad in the 

 staminate flowers, narrow in the pistillate : fruit obovoid, 2 cm. in diameter. 



In hammocks, southern Florida and the Keys. Also in the Bahama Islands. Spring and summer. 



FAMILY 4. ULMACEAE Mirbel. ELM FAMILY. 



Sometimes evergreen shrubs or trees, with a watery sap and spreading or 

 usually drooping terete angled or winged branches. Pubescence not stinging. 



