450 MAGNOLIACEAE 



Androecium of numerous stamens or rarely of only 5. Filaments filiform or short 

 and much flattened. Anthers introrse or extrorse, adnate. Gynoecium of 

 usually numerous carpels in a whorl, or imbricated on an elongated receptacle, 

 Ovaries 1-celled, narrowed into short, often recurved styles stigmatic on the 

 inner side. Ovules 1 or 2 in each cavity, anatropous or amphitropous. Fruit 

 a whorl or head of accrescent carpels, which become berries or follicles. Seeds 

 1-2, with a leathery or crustaceous testa, or an inner crustaceous and outer fleshy 

 testa, sometimes drupe-like and pendulous on slender threads. Endosperm fleshy, 

 oily, homogeneous. Embryo minute at one end of the endosperm. 



Leaves not lobed, sometimes merely auricled at the base : mature carpels dehiscent or berries. 

 Carpels in a whorl. 1. ILLICIUM. 



Carpels imbricated in several series. 



Twining shrubs with monoecious flowers : stamens 5, united into a disk : 



fruit a spike of berries. 2. SCHIZANDRA. 



Erect shrubs or trees with perfect flowers : stamens numerous, distinct : fruit 



a head of imbricated carpels. 

 Corolla greenish or yellow : styles or stigmas filiform, deciduous : follicles 



rounded. 3. TULIPASTRUM. 



Corolla white : styles or stigmas stout, persistent : follicles tipped by the 



styles or stigmas. 4. MAGNOLIA. 



Leaves 4-lobed : mature carpels samara-like, indehiscent. 5. LIRIODENDRON. 



1. ILLICIUM L. 



Glabrous aromatic evergreen shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, often crowded, 

 without stipules : blades leathery, entire, minutely punctate. Flowers perfect, solitary on 

 axillary peduncles. Sepals 3-6, petaloid, membranous, imbricated in 2 series, deciduous. 

 Petals numerous, arranged in 3-several series, the inner ones gradually narrower, deciduous. 

 Stamens numerous in several series. Carpels numerous (6-18), distinct, sessile, flattened, 

 inserted in a whorl on a conic receptacle. Style recurved. Ovule solitary, ascending. 

 Fruit a whorl of hard crustaceous drupe-like follicles at length dehiscing. Seed solitary, 

 with a smooth shining testa ANISE TREE. STAR ANISE. 



Corolla 2 cm. broad ; petals 6-12 : leaf-blades obtuse. 1. I. parviflorum. 



Corolla 2.5-3 cm. broad : petals 20-30 : leaf-blades acuminate. 2. /. Flondanum. 



1. Illicium parviflorum Michx. An erect glabrous shrub, 1-2 m. tall. Leaf-blades 

 leathery, elliptic or oblong, 6-10 cm. long, obtuse at both ends, more or less revolute, 

 lustrous above, paler and dull beneath ; petioles 1-1.5 cm. long : peduncles 1-3 cm. long : 

 sepals suborbicular, nearly 10 mm. in diameter : corolla yellow, 2 cm. broad : petals 6-12, 

 ovate or suborbicular, about as large as the sepals, obtuse : stamens usually as many as the 

 petals. 



Along the coast, Georgia and Florida. Spring. 



2. Illicium Floridanum Ellis. A glabrous shrub, 2-3 m. tall. Leaf-blades leathery, 

 slightly fleshy, elliptic or narrowly elliptic, 6-15 cm. long, acute or acuminate at both ends, 

 deep green above, paler beneath ; petioles 1-2 cm. long : peduncles 2-5 cm. long : sepals 

 ovate or oblong, over 1 cm. long, obtuse, membranous : corolla 3-5 cm. broad, purple, 

 nodding : petals 20-30, linear or nearly so, 1.5-2 cm. long, acute, spreading : filaments en- 

 larged upward, larger than the anthers: fruit 2.5-3 cm. broad : carpels ovate, 1-1.5 cm. 

 long, acuminate : seeds oval, 5-6 mm. long, shining. 



In swamps, Florida to Louisiana. Spring. 



2. SCHIZANDRA Michx. 



Glabrous or glabrate vines. Leaves deciduous, alternate, without stipules : blades 

 membranous, entire or toothed, long-petioled, punctate. Flowers monoecious, white, yel- 

 low, or crimson, solitary on axillary peduncles. Sepals 5 or 6, imbricated in 2 series, petal- 

 oid, with scarious edges, the outer smaller, deciduous. Petals 5 or 6 imbricated in 1-2 series, 

 thickened at the narrowed base, deciduous. Stamens 5 : filaments very short, flat, united 

 into a broad disk : anthers rather introrse : sacs widely separated. Carpels distinct, im- 

 bricated in several series on an elongated receptacle. Style very short. Ovules 2 in each 

 cavity, pendulous. Fruit a spike of berries on a much elongated receptacle. Seeds 2 in 

 berry, reniform, with a crustaceous testa. BAY-STAR VINE. 



