MAGNOLIACEAE 451 



1. Schizandra coccinea Michx. A slender high climbing shrub. Stem twining, 

 several m. long : leaf-blades membranous, oval, elliptic or ovate, 5-15 cm. long, short-acu- 

 minate, acute or obtuse, undulate or shallowly toothed, acute or subcordate at the base, 

 glabrous or sparingly pubescent beneath ; petioles slightly winged, about as long as the 

 blades : peduncles 3-7 cm. long, naked : sepals oval or broadly ovate, 2-5 cm. long, ob- 

 tuse, erose : corollas 12-20 cm. broad : petals obovate-cuneate, longer than the sepals, 

 rounded or truncate at the apex, mostly crimson, each with a thickened claw : filaments 

 united into a broad disk : carpels inserted on a cylindric receptacle, imbricated in several 

 series : fruiting spike 4-7 cm. long : berries oval, about 1 cm. long, red. 



In woods, South Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. Spring and summer. 



3. TULIFASTRUM Spach. 



Stately trees, often with much elongated trunks. Leaves alternate, not disposed in 

 umbrella-like clusters, deciduous : blades membranous, relatively small, entire, slender- 

 petioled. Flowers perfect, erect, greenish, yellowish or canary- yellow, relatively small. 

 Sepals green, deciduous. Petals much larger than the sepals, curved, commonly 6 or 

 fewer. Stamens numerous : anthers introrse. Carpels several or numerous, glabrous, in 

 many series. Styles or stigmas filiform, deciduous. Ovules 2 in each cavity. Fruit a 

 relatively small narrow torulose cone, the carpels rounded. Seeds pendulous from the 

 follicles. CUCUMBER-TREE. WAUHOO. ELK-WOOD. 



Leaf-blades rhombic-obovate : flowers canary-yellow. 1. T. cordatum. 



Leaf-blades elliptic or oval varying to ovate or rarely obovate : flowers greenish yellow. 2. T. acuminatum. 



1. Tulipastnim cordatum (Michx.) Small. A tree, reaching a height of 20 m., with 

 a trunk diameter of about 1 m., the buds, shoots and young leaves silky -pubescent. Leaf- 

 blades rhombic-ovate or rhombic-oval, 1-2 dm. long, usually acute, undulate, truncate or 

 cordate at the base, sparingly pubescent on both surfaces ; petioles 1-2 cm. long : flowers 

 ampanulate, canary -yellow : sepals ovate or oblong-obvate, about 2 cm. long, obtuse : 

 petals obovate or obovate-oblanceolate, 4-5 cm. long, rounded at the apex, more or less 

 glaucous: fruit oblong, 2-5 cm. long. [Magnolia cordata Michx.] 



In woods, on the mountains, North Carolina to Georgia. Spring. 



2. Tullpastrum acuminatum (L. ) Small. A forest tree, sometimes 30 m. in height 

 and 1.5 m. in diameter, the bark furrowed. Leaf -blades elliptic or oval, varying to 

 ovate or obovate, 1.5-3 dm. long, short-acuminate at the apex, undulate, acute or cordate 

 at the base, silky when young, finally glabrous above, sparingly pubescent beneath ; petioles 

 2-4 cm. long : flowers campanulate, greenish or yellowish : sepals oblong or oblong-lan- 

 ceolate, about 2 cm. long, obtuse, spreading or reflexed : petals oblong or oblanceolate, 

 5-7 cm. long, glaucous, obtuse : fruit oblong or nearly so, 4-6 cm. long, often curved, 

 often very irregular. [Magnolia acuminata L.] 



In woods, Ontario to Illinois, Georgia and Arkansas. Spring. 



4. MAGNOLIA L. 



Handsome, sometimes evergreen, trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, or apparently 

 whorled at the ends of branches : blades membranous or leathery, short-petioled, entire, oc- 

 casionally auricled at the base: stipules membranous. Flowers perfect, white, often showy, 

 fragrant or ill-scented, solitary at the ends of branches. Sepals 3, petaloid, spreading or 

 reflexed, deciduous. Petals 6-12, imbricated in 2-4 series, slightly spreading, or erect and 

 converging. Stamens numerous, imbricated in many series at the base of the receptacle ; 

 filaments short and stout, the connective produced beyond the anthers : anthers introrse, 

 adnate to the inner side of the filament. Carpels numerous, imbricated in many series on 

 the elongated receptacle. Style persistent. Ovules 2 in each cavity, anatropous, pendu- 

 lous or horizontal. Fruit a variously shaped cone of imbricated more or less united 

 fleshy follicles, these tipped by the style or stigma. Seeds 2 in each follicle, each with a 

 pulpy scarlet testa, at length pendulous on a thread. 



Leaf-blades thick-leathery, very thick, persistent, brown or rusty-tomentose beneath. 1. M. foetida. 

 Leaf-blades membranous, sometimes firm, usually deciduous, glabrous, glaucous or 



silky beneath. 

 Leaf-blades not auricled at the base. 



Leaf-blades oblong, elliptic or oval, rarely broadest below the middle, 5-15 cm. 



long, firm : fruit 3-5 cm. long. 2. M. Virginiana. 



Leaf-blades elliptlc-oblanceolate or obovate-oblanceolate, 2-6 dm. long, mem- 

 branous : fruit 6-9 cm. long. 3. M. tripetala. 



