452 MAGNOLIACEAE 



Leaf-blades auricled at the base. 



Fruit oblong-conic : carpels with long curved beaks : leaf-blades pale green beneath. 



Leaves elongated-obovate, gradually acute : stamens 9-13 mm. long. 4. M. Fraseri. 



Leaves rhombic-obovate, abruptly acute : stamens 4-6 mm. long. 5. M. fiyramidata* 



Fruit subglobose : carpels obtuse or acutish : leaf-blades very glaucous beneath. 6. M. macrophylla, 



1. Magnolia foetida (L. ) Sarg. A stately tree, reaching a maximum height of 20 

 m., with a trunk diameter of 2.5 m., its twigs, petioles and buds red-tomentose. Leaves 

 evergreen, firm and leathery ; blades elliptic, oval or oblanceolate, or rarely ovate, 1-3 

 dm. long, obtuse or acute, glabrous and usually shining above (except the midrib), finely 

 tomentose with brown or rusty hairs beneath, acute or rounded at the base ; petioles stout, 

 1-3.5 cm. long : flowers creamy-white, broadly campanulate, lemon-scented, 1-2 dm. 

 broad : petals with suborbicular or orbicular-obovate blades 5-10 cm. in diameter, emargi- 

 nate or notched at the apex, contracted into broad claws : fruit oval, 8-12 cm. long : seeds 

 obovoid or triangular-obovoid, 1.5-2 cm. long, more or less flattened. 



In hammocks and river swamps, North Carolina to Florida, Texas and Arkansas. Spring and 

 summer. LAUREL. BULL BAY. 



2. Magnolia Virginiana L. A shrub or slender tree, 2-2.5 in. tall, the trunk rarely 

 1 m. in diameter, the bark pale, smoothish. Leaves evergreen and firm ; blades oblong, ellip- 

 tic or oval, sometimes broadest a little above or below the middle, 5-15 cm. long, acute or 

 obtuse at the apex, undulate, acute or rounded at the base, not auricled, glabrous and deep 

 green above, glaucous and more or less pubescent beneath ; petioles 1-2 cm. long : flowers 

 globose-cam pan u late, white, fragrant, 3-8 cm. broad : sepals oblong or obovate, 1.5-3.5 

 cm. long, rounded at the apex : petals elliptic, oblong, oval or obovate, longer than the 

 sepals, rounded or obtuse at the apex, more or less distinctly clawed : fruit oval or ovoid r 

 3-5 cm. long, glabrous, dark red, the carpels acute : seeds flattened, obovoid, oval or subor- 

 bicular, 8-10 mm. long. [Magnolia glauca L.] 



In swamps, Massachusetts to Florida and Texas, and locally inland. Spring and early summer. 

 SWEET BAY. 



3. Magnolia trip6tala L. A small tree, reaching a maximum height of 14 m. and a 

 trunk diameter of about 4 dm., the bark pale. Leaf -blades elliptio-oblanceolate or obovate- 

 lanceolate, acute or apiculate at the apex, 2-7 dm. long, undulate, gradually narrowed to 

 the base, not auricled, glabrous above, more or less densely tomentose beneath ; petioles 

 stout, 2-4 cm. long : flowers creamy-white, unpleasantly scented : sepals oblong-oblanceo- 

 late 10-15 cm. long, bright green, finally reflexed : petals 6-9, slightly longer than the 

 sepals, erect or spreading, oblong-oblanceolate, concave, obtuse : fruit oblong, 8-12 cm. 

 long, rose-color, the carpels prolonged into slender somewhat curved beaks : seeds obovoid, 

 barely 1 cm. long. 



In woods, Pennsylvania to Georgia, Alabama and Arkansas. Spring. UMBEELLA-TREE. 



4. Magnolia Fraseri Walt. A slender tree, 5-15 m. tall, with a maximum trunk 

 diameter of 0.5 m., the trunk erect or ascending. Leaf-blades membranous, elongated- 

 obovate to obovate-spatulate, 2-4 dm. long, acute or obtuse, sometimes slightly fan-shaped 

 above the middle, undulate, auricled at the base, dark green above, pale or slightly glaucous 

 beneath, glabrous ; petioles 4-7 cm. long : flowers white or creamy : sepals spreading or 

 recurved, as long as the petals, rounded at the apex : petals elliptic or narrowly ovate, 

 5-12 cm. long, mostly obtuse, clawed : fruit oblong-conic, 7-12 cm. long, rose-color when 

 mature : seeds elliptic or oval, nearly 1 cm. long, the carpels yellow within, the long slender 

 beak incurved. 



Chiefly in the mountains, Virginia to Georgia and Alabama. Spring. 



5. Magnolia pyramidata Pursh. A small tree 4-10 m. tall, with a trunk diameter 

 of about 1-2 dm. Leaf-blades membranous, 1-2 dm. long, rhombic-obovate, very abruptly 

 acute at the apex, constricted near the base and dilated into diverging auricles, dark green 

 above, pale or slightly glaucous beneath, glabrous ; petioles 3 5 cm. long : flowers white 

 or creamy : sepals spreading or recurved : petals lanceolate, mostly acute, 5-8 cm. long, 

 clawed : fruit oblong, 6-8 cm. long, rose-red at maturity, the carpels yellow within, the 

 beak incurved. 



In woods and on banks of streams, mostly in damp soil, Chattahoochie basin of Georgia, Alabama 

 and Florida. Spring. 



6. Magnolia macrophylla Michx. A small tree, sometimes 15m. tall, with a maxi- 

 mum trunk diameter of about 5 dm., the bark pale. Leaf -blades obovate or oblong-oblanceo- 

 late, more or less rhombic, 3-9 dm. long, obtuse or short-acuminate, undulate, narrowed 

 to the auricled base, deep green and glabrous above, glaucous beneath ; petioles stout, 5-15 

 cm. long, prolonged into the very prominent midrib : flowers creamy-white, fragrant, 2-3 

 dm. broad : sepals oblong or broadened upward, 10-15 cm. long, rounded at the apex : 



