460 PAPAVEKACEAE 



rather small, ovate to suborbicular : berries subglobose, white, and transluscent with a red- 

 dish tinge, 10-12 mm. in diameter, of a pleasant taste, but slightly acid. 

 On limestone hills, central Texas. Spring. 



Order 12. PAPAVERALES. 



Herbs or rarely shrubs or trees, often with pungent properties or colored 

 juices. Leaves various, usually normal : blades often dissected. Flowers per- 

 fect, sometimes irregular. Calyx and corolla present, the members distinct and 

 separate. Androecium of several hypogynous stamens. Gynoecium of 2 or 

 several united carpels. Ovary superior. Fruit capsular or baccate. 



Sepals 2, or very rarely 3 or 4 : endosperm present. 



Flowers regular : stamens 8 or numerous : juice usually milky or colored. Fam. 1. PAPAVERACEAE. 

 Flowers irregular : stamens 6: juice usually watery. * Fam. 2. FUMARIACEAE. 



Sepals 4-8 : endosperm wanting. 



Capsules 2-celled : stamens 6, tetradynamous. Fam. 3. BRASSICACEAE. 



Capsules 1-celled : stamens when 6 not tetradynamous. 



Gynoecium 2-carpellary : leaves with simple or palmately compound 



blades. Fam. 4. CAPPARIDACEAE. 



Gynoecium 3-carpellary : leaves with pinnately compound blades. Fam. 5. MORINGACEAE. 



FAMILY 1. PAPAVERACEAE Juss. POPPY FAMILY. 



Annual or perennial caulescent or acaulescent herbs, or rarely shrubby plants, 

 with usually a colored sap and narcotic or acrid properties. Leaves alternate or 

 sometimes opposite or whorled, without stipules : blades entire, toothed or di- 

 vided. Flowers perfect, regular, variously disposed. Calyx of 2 or rarely 3 cadu- 

 cous sepals. Corolla of 4, 8, 12 or rarely more deciduous petals. Androecium 

 usually of many stamens. Filaments distinct, sometimes dilated. Anthers in- 

 nate. Gynoecium of 2-several carpels united into a 1-celled ovary with parietal 

 placentae. Ovules numerous, anatropous. Fruit a depressed or elongated cap- 

 sule. Seeds often numerous, each with a very small embryo at the base of the 

 fleshy or oily endosperm. 



Acaulescent herbs : petals 8-12, not crumpled in the bud : stigmas over the valves of the capsule. 



1. SANGUINARIA. 



Caulescent herbs : petals 4-6, mostly crumpled : stigmas over the placentae. 

 Capsule splitting to the base. 



Capsule pubescent. 2. STYLOPHORUM. 



Capsule glabrous. 



Stigma mitre-shaped, with a deflexed or spreading base on each side : cap- 

 sule leathery, 2-celled by a spongy partition. 3. GLAUCIUM. 

 Stigma simple : capsules membranous, 1-celled. 4. CHELIDONIUM. 

 Capsule dehiscent at the top or only to the middle. 



Leaf-blades unarmed. 5. PAPAVER. 



Leaf-blades spiny-toothed. 6. ARGEMONE. 



1. SANGUINARIA L. 



Perennial acaulescent herbs, with thick horizontal rootstocks containing a red juice. 

 Leaves basal : blades petioled, 5-7-lobed : scape erect, 1 -flowered, simple. Flowers white, 

 showy. Sepals 2. Petals 8-12, in 2 or 3 series, fiat. Stamens numerous : filaments dis- 

 tinct. Ovary slightly elongated : stigmas 2, over the valves of the capsule. Capsule elon- 

 gated, short-stalked, 2-valved, the valves completely separating from the persistent placenta. 

 Seeds numerous, crested, the testa smooth. Endosperm oily. Embryo minute. 



1. Saiiguinaria Canadeiisis L. Foliage glabrous. Leaves 1 or 2, basal ; blades thick - 

 ish, orbicular or reniform in outline, 6-25 cm. broad, 5-9-lobed, cordate, more or less 

 glaucous, especially beneath, the lobes repand or again lobed ; petioles stout, 2-3 times 

 longer than the blades : scape finally overtopped by the leaves : corolla white, 4-6 cm. 

 broad : petals 8-12, oblong, elliptic or rarely oval, thin, obtuse : capsule narrow, fusiform, 

 acuminate at both ends, 3-5 cm. long. 



In woods, Nova Scotia to Manitoba, Florida and Arkansas. Spring. BLOODROOT. PUCCOON. 



2. STYLOPHORUM Nutt. 



Perennial caulescent herbs, with an orange-yellow juice. Leaves mainly alternate, the 

 basal with pinnatifid blades, the cauline with lobed or dissected blades. Flowers perfect, yel- 

 low or red, long-peduncled, solitary or clustered. Sepals 2, pubescent. Petals 4, decidu- 



