528 CALYCANTHACEAE 



deciduous : corolla pink, often 4-5 cm. broad : styles distinct : fruit ovoid, 1-2 cm. long, 

 dark red, glabrous or nearly so. 



In waste places, Nova Scotia to New Jersey and Tennessee. Spring and summer. Naturalized 

 from Europe. DOG ROSE. 



12. Rosa Cheroke6nsis Donn. An evergreen shrub. Stems and branches trailing o r 

 climbing, 2-4 m. long, armed with short recurved prickles : leaf-blades mostly 3-foliolate : 

 leaflets 2-8 cm. long, the blades leathery, elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, acute or slightly 

 acuminate, finely serrate, glabrous, lustrous : flowers solitary : hypanthium bristly : sepals 

 leaf-like, dilated into a blade above, entire or toothed, reflexed at maturity : corolla white, 

 4-6 cm. broad or sometimes larger: styles distinct : fruit obo void, 1.5-2 cm. broad, con- 

 tracted into a stipe-like base. 



In waste places and along roadsides, Georgia to Florida and Texas. Spring and summer. 



FAMILY 12. CALYCANTHACEAE Lindl. STRAWBERRY-SHRUB FAMILY. 



Slender shrubs, with an aromatic bark. Leaves opposite : blades usually 

 entire : stipules wanting. Flowers perfect, terminal, purplish or yellow, fragrant. 

 Receptacle cup-like, short-peduncled. Calyx of numerous sepals, imbricated in 

 many series. Corolla of petals similar to the sepals and inserted like them on 

 the edge of the receptacle. Androecium of numerous stamens inserted on the 

 receptacle, the outer 5-12 fertile, the rest reduced to staminodia. Gynoecium of 

 numerous distinct carpels borne on the inside of the hypanthium. Ovary 1- 

 celled, sessile : style simple, filiform : stigma simple, terminal. Ovules solitary 

 or 2, one above the other, anatropous. Fruit capsular, including few or many 

 achenes each with a crustaceous pericarp. Seed erect, solitary. Testa mem- 

 branous. Endosperm wanting. Embryo straight, with convolute cotyledons. 



1. BUTNERIA Duham. 



Aromatic shrubs, with opposite branches. Leaves opposite : blades glabrous, but usu- 

 ally scabrous above, often glaucous or pubescent beneath. Flowers brownish purple, usa- 

 aHy strawberry-scented, terminal. Sepals in several series, imbricated. Petals like the 

 sepals, inserted in several series on the edge of the receptacle. Stamens numerous, in many 

 series, the outer 12 fertile, the rest reduced to staminodia. Capsular fruit nodding 

 leathery. The plants flower in the spring and early summer. STRAWBERRY-SHRUB. 

 Leaf-blades not tomentose beneath. 



Lower surface of the leaf-blades glabrous, not glaucous. 1. B. nana. 



Lower surface of the leaf-blades glaucous. 2. S. fertilis. 



Leaf-blades tomentose beneath. 



Blades of the leaves of an ovate type, obtuse or subcordate at the base. 3. B. Mohrii. 



Blades of the leaves of an elliptic or oval type, acute or acuminate at the base. 4. B. florida. 



1. Butneria nana (Loisel. ) Small. An aromatic shrub 1-3 m. tall, with little or no 

 pubescence. Leaf-blades membranous, oblong-lanceolate, elliptic or oval, 7-16 cm. long, 

 acuminate, deep-green and more or less scabrous above, slightly lighter green and glabrous 

 beneath ; petioles glabrous or sparingly pubescent, 0.5-1 cm. long : flowers brownish purple, 

 short-peduncled, fragrant or inodorous : sepals and petals linear or linear-oblanceolate, 

 0.5-3 cm. long, acute, sparingly pubescent : capsule oblong-obovoid, glabrous or sparingly 

 pubescent, 4-6 cm. long : seeds oblong, 10-12 mm. long, not flattened, sparingly hirsute. 



Along streams, chiefly in or near the mountains, Pennsylvania to Georgia and Alabama. 



2. Butneria f6rtilis (Walt.) Kearney. An aromatic shrub 1-3 m. tall, with almost 

 glabrous foliage. Leaf-blades thin but rather firm, oblong-elliptic, elliptic or oval, 7-20 

 cm. long, mostly long-acuminate, bright green and scabrous above, smooth and glaucous 

 beneath, acutish or rounded at the base ; petioles sparingly pubescent, 0.5-1.5 cm. long : 

 flowers short-peduncled, purple, fragrant : sepals and petals pubescent, linear or nearly so, 

 acute or acuminate, 1.5-2.5 cm. long: capsule irregularly obovoid, glaucescent, 4-6 cm. 

 long : seeds oblong, 12-14 mm. long, slightly flattened, sparingly hirsute. 



In woods and along streams, in the mountains, Virginia to Kentucky, Georgia and Alabama. 



3. Butneria Mohrii Small. A branching shrub, 1-2 m. tall, with pubescent twigs 

 and leaves. Leaf-blades firm, oblong-obovate to broadly ovate, 6-20 cm. long, pubescent 

 on both sides when young, when mature, bright green and scabrous above, tomentose be- 

 neath, acuminate at the apex, rounded or subcordate at the base ; petioles stout, pubescent, 

 8-10 mm. long : flowers purple, stout-peduncled : sepals and petals pubescent, linear to 



