POLYGALACEAE 685 



corolla : keel with a slender beak about 1 ram. long : stamens 6 or 7 ; filaments united to 

 about the middle : style slender, neither dilated nor appendaged : stigma terminal : capsule 

 3 mm. long : seeds flattened, pubescent, the 3 lobes of the caruncle unequal, 2 about as 

 long as the seed-body, the third much shorter. 

 In dry soil, Texas to Arizona. Summer. 



7. Polygala paucifolia Willd. Perennial, bright green, glabrous below. Stems 

 simple or branched below, the branches 5-20 cm. tall, often pubescent above : leaves 3-6, 

 near the ends of the branches ; blades elliptic, oval or ovate, 1-3 cm. long, acute or mucron- 

 ate, narrowed into short petioles, often pubescent above near the base : raceme 3-4-flowered : 

 pedicels 6-12 mm. long : flowers rose, purple or rarely white, showy, 1.5-2 cm. long : wings 

 obovate, 1-1.5 cm. long, narrowed at the base : lateral petals oblong: keel with a conspic- 

 uous fimbriate crest : stamens 6 : style club-shaped, neither dilated nor auricled, toothed at 

 the apex : capsule subglobose, 5-8 mm. broad, notched at the apex and sometimes at the 

 base : seeds pubescent, the 2 subulate lobes of the caruncle often longer than the seed-body. 



In moist woods, Anticosti and New Brunswick to Saskatchewan, south along the mountains to 

 Georgia, and Illinois. Spring and summer. FLOWERING WINTERGREEN. FRINGED MILKWORT. 



8. Polygala poly gama Walt. Perennial, bright green, glabrous. Stems branched at 

 the base ; branches slender, erect or ascending, 1-5 dm. tall, striate, usually simple : leaves 

 alternate ; blades spatulate, oblanceolate, oblong-oblanceolate or linear, 1-4 cm. long or the 

 lower ones shorter, all usually apiculate : racemes loosely flowered, short-peduncled, the 

 rachis 12-15 cm. long : pedicels 2-7 mm. long, their bracts deciduous : flowers rose-purple 

 to pink, the lower ones often drooping : cleistogene flowers on elongated radiating, more 

 or less buried racemes at the base of the plant : wings obovate, 4-6 mm. long, often unequal, 

 obtuse : keel crested with several large branching processes : stamens 8 : style short, hooded 

 at the stalked stigma, the tufted appendage curved toward the stigma : capsule oblong or 

 oblong-obovoid, about 2 mm. long : seeds very pubescent, the 2 lobes of the caruncle lace- 

 like, about f as long as the seed-body. 



In dry sandy soil, Nova Scotia to the Lake of thelWoods, Florida and Texas. Summer. 



9. Polygala Lewtonii Small. Perennial or perhaps biennial, the foliage glabrous, 

 bright green. Stems much branched at the base, the branches numerous, ascending or de- 

 cumbent, 1-2 dm. long, simple, sharply angled : leaves clustered, crowded, fleshy, spatu- 

 late or linear-spatulate, 1-2 cm. long, acute or acutish, wrinkled in drying : racemes 1-5 

 cm. long, loosely flowered : pedicels slender, 1-2 mm. long : sepals various ; dorsal broadly 

 oblong ; anterior narrowly-oblong, both 2 mm. long, obtuse : wings deep pink, inequilateral, 

 half-rhombic, 4.5-5.5 mm. long : corolla deep pink : petals about 4 mm. long, the keel 

 more finely lacerate than in P. polygama : style ascending from the truncate top of ovary, 

 cucullate above the middle, the tufted appendage and stigmatic gland not approximate : cap- 

 sule oblong-prismatic, 5 mm. long, glabrous :' cleistogamous racemes slender, few-flowered, 

 their pedicels slender, 1-1.5 cm. long, curved. 



In sand, peninsular Florida. Summer. 



10. Polygala Senega L. Perennial, more or less puberulent. Stems several from the 

 thick root, erect or ascending, 1-5 dm. long, usually simple : leaves alternate, numerous ; 

 blades linear-lanceolate to lanceolate-elliptic, 1-3.5 cm. long (the lower ones often scale- 

 like), scabrous-margined: racemes spike-like, 2-6 cm. long: corolla greenish white, 3-4 

 mm. long : wings orbicular-obovate, 2-3 mm. long, rather persistent : keel'with a crest of 

 several thick processes: capsule flat, broader than long, 3.5-4.5 mm", broad: seeds 

 pubescent, with caruncle-lobes about as long as the seed-body. 



In dry soil, New Brunswick to the Hudson Bay region and the Canadian Rocky Mountains, south 

 to North Carolina and Arkansas. Spring. A form with taller stems, larger leaves with ovate or oblong- 

 ovate serrulate blades, laxer racemes and larger capsules and seeds, is known as P. Senega latifolia T. & 

 G., it ranges from Pennsylvania to Michigan and South Dakota south to Tennessee. SENECA SNAKEROOT. 



11. Polygala setacea Michx. Annual, slender, glabrous. Stems erect, 1-5 dm. 

 tall, wire-like, simple throughout or branched at the base or above : leaves scale-like, 0.5- 

 1.5 mm. long, subulate, acute, scattered : racemes spike-like, conic-ovoid, 4-6 mm. thick, 

 acute, dense, the rachis 1-3 cm. long : pedicels 0.5-1 mm. long, their bracts deciduous : 

 flowers pink or whitish : wings narrowly obovoid, 2 mm. long, scarcely mucronate, thrice 

 longer than the other sepals : keel crested with a few short processes : stamens 6 : style 

 short, auricled on either side of the stalked stigma, prolonged into a short tufted append- 

 age : capsule rather deltoid : seeds pubescent, beaked, the 2 spongy caruncle-lobes envel- 

 oping the beak. 



In low pine lands, North Carolina to Florida. Spring and summer. 



12. Polygala incarnata L. Annual, glaucous. Stems erect or ascending, 2-7 dm. 

 tall, simple and wand-like or branched above, striate or angled, sometimes nearly naked : 

 leaves scattered ; blades linear-subulate or subulate, 0.5-1.5 cm. long, acute, fleshy, sessile : 



