AQUIFOLIACEAE 731 



petals white, obovate or oblong-obovate, 3-3.5 mm. long, obtuse : stamens included : fruit 

 ovoid, 6-7 mm. long, dry and indehiscent, 3-5-winged, rarely nearly as broad as long, the 

 faces and wings strongly wrinkled. [Cli/tonia ligustrina Spreng.] 



In pine-land swamps, Georgia to Florida and Louisiana. Winter and spring. 



FAMILY 6. AQUIFOLIACEAE DC. HOLLY FAMILY. 



Usually evergreen shrubs or trees, with a watery sap. Leaves alternate, 

 without stipules : blades simple, entire or toothed, sometimes spiny. Inflores- 

 cence normally cymose. Flowers perfect or polygamous, regular. Calyx of 

 4-6 persistent imbricated sepals. Corolla white or greenish, of 4-6 deciduous 

 imbricated petals which are alternate with the sepals and often united at the 

 base. Androecium of 4-6 stamens inserted at the base of the corolla, alternate 

 with the petals, all fertile. Filaments erect, shorter than the petals. Anthers 

 introrse, the sacs opening lengthwise. Gynoecium a compound pistil. Ovary 

 2-6-celled (rarely with more cavities). Stigma commonly sessile, with as many 

 lobes as cavities in the ovary. Ovules 1-2 in each cavity, suspended, anatropous. 

 Fruit a drupe with 4-8 horny or crustaceous nutlets. Seeds with a mem- 

 branous testa. Endosperm fleshy, copious. Embryo cylindric and straight, 

 or globose. [Ilicaceae Lowe.] 



1. ILEX L. 



Commonly glabrous evergreen shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate : blades entire, 

 toothed or rarely spiny. Flowers sometimes inclined to be dioecious, regular, the stam- 

 inate in axillary clusters, the pistillate mostly solitary. Sepals 4-6, persistent. Petals 

 4-6, usually united at the base, thus forming a rotate corolla. Stamens as many as the 

 petals, alternate with them : filaments distinct. Ovary 4-6-celled or rarely 7-8-celled. 

 Drupe subglobose, with 4-8 horny or crustaceous nutlets. Seed without an aril. 



Nutlets smooth. 



Leaves persistent : berries black. 



Leaf-blades shallowly crenate near the apex : drupes 4-6 mm. in diameter. 1. J. glabra. 

 Leaf-blades spinescent-toothed below the apex or spine-tipped : drupes 6-8 



mm. in diameter. 2. I. lucida. 



Leaves deciduous : berries red or scarlet. 



Staminate and pistillate flowers on pedicels of about equal length. 3. L verticillata. 



Staminate flowers on conspicuously slender and long pedicels. 4. J. laevigata. 



Nutlets variously roughened. 

 Leaves deciduous. 



Staminate flowers several on a common peduncle. 5. I. Amelanchier. 



Staminate flowers solitary or clustered, without a common peduncle. 



Pedicel several times longer than the berry. 6. L longipes. 



Pedicel shorter than the berry. 



Leaf-blades normally broadest above the middle. 7. I. detidua. 



Leaf-blades normally broadest below or at the middle. 



Leaf-blades glabrous or with few hairs about the nerves : calyx gla- 

 brous without. 



Leaf-blades 4-7 cm. long, inconspicuously toothed : Carolinian. 8. /. Carolinian a. 

 Leaf-blades 6-20 cm. long, conspicuously toothed : Alleghenian. 9. I. monticola. 

 Leaf-blades densely pubescent beneath : calyx pubescent. 10. J. Beadlei. 



Leaves persistent. 



Leaf-blades entire or with a few appressed teeth near the apex. 



Leaf-blades linear, 1-4 cm. long. 11. I. myrtifolia. 



Leaf-blades oblong or oblanceolate, 4-10 cm. long. 12. /. Cassine. 



Leaf -blades toothed : 



Teeth crenate. 13. L vomitoria. 



Teeth spine-like and spreading, rarely only the terminal one present. 14. 7. opaca. 



1. Ilex glabra (L. ) A. Gray. An evergreen shrub, with velvety-pubescent twigs. 

 Stems more or less branched, 0.5-1.5 m. tall : leaf -blades leathery, obovate, oblanceolate, 

 elliptic, oval or rarely ovate, 1-5 cm. long, acute or obtuse, entire or distantly serrate above 

 the middle, glabrous, deep green and lustrous above, paler and dull beneath ; petioles stout : 

 flowers white, the Staminate in corymbs, the pistillate often solitary : sepals broadly ovate, 

 rounded at the apex : corolla about 7 mm. broad ; lobes obtuse : drupes globose, 4-6 mm. 

 in diameter, black, shining. 



In sandy soil, along or near the coast, Massachusetts to Pennsylvania, Florida and Louisiana. 

 Spring and early summer. INKBERRY. EVERGREEN WINTERBERRY. 



2. Ilex lucida (Ait.) T. & G. An evergreen shrub 1-3 m. tall, glabrous or nearly 

 so. Leaf-blades leathery, obovate, oblong, oblong-oblanceolate, elliptic or oval, 2-9 cm- 

 long, acute or usually short-acuminate, entire or appressed-serrate above the middle, dark 



