734 CELASTKACEAE 



amous or dioecious, regular, commonly pedicellate. Calyx of 4-5 imbricated 

 sepals. Disk fleshy, or rarely none. Corolla of 4-5 petals, usually inserted 

 under the disk, imbricated, not clawed. Androecium of 4-5 stamens inserted 

 beneath, on the margin of, or on the upper side of the disk. Filaments terete 

 or nearly so. Anthers introrse. Gynoecium a compound pistil. Ovary com- 

 monly merging into the disk, with 2-5 cavities. Styles short or wanting. 

 Stigma 2-5-lobed. Ovules solitary or 2-many in each cavity, erect or suspended, 

 anatropous. Fruit a capsule, drupe or berry, sometimes winged. Seeds soli- 

 tary or several in each cavity, often enclosed in the bright-colored aril. Endo- 

 sperm copious, fleshy or oily. Embryo straight. 



Fruit capsular, dehiscent. 

 Leaves opposite. 



Ovary 3-5-celled : capsule 3-5-lobed, 3-5-valved : aril red. 1. EUONYMUS. 



Ovary 2-celled : capsule not lobed, 2-valved : aril white. 2. PACHYSTIMA. 



Leaves alternate. 



Climbing shrubs : ovary free. 3. CELASTRUS. 



Erect shrubs : ovary confluent with the disk. 4. MAYTENUS. 



Fruit drupaceous, indehiscent. 



Gynoecium 2-carpellary or 4-carpellary : stigmas 2 or 4. 



Flowers perfect : ovary 4-celled. 5. CKOSSOPETALUM. 



Flowers dioecious : ovary 2-celled. 



Leaves opposite : ovules pendulous. 6. GYMINDA. 



Leaves alternate : ovules erect. 7. SCHAEFFERIA. 



Gynoecium 5-carpellary : stigmas 5. 8. MORTONIA. 



1. EUONYMUS L. 



. Shrubs or trees, or rarely vines, with commonly 4-angled branches. Leaves oppo- 

 site : blades entire or toothed, deciduous : stipules caducous. Flowers solitary or cymose. 

 Sepals 4-5, spreading or recurved. Petals 4-5, inserted under the disk, entire, toothed or 

 fringed. Stamens 4-5, inserted on the disk : filaments mostly very short : anther-sacs 2, 

 diverging. Disk flat, 4-5-lobed. Ovary in the disk, with 3-5 cavities: stigma with 3-5 

 inconspicucus lobes. Ovules usually 2 in each cavity, ascending. Capsule 3-5-lobed, 

 angled or winged, smooth or echinate, opening loculicidally. Seeds 2 in each cavity sur- 

 rounded by an aril. 



Stems creeping, trailing or spreading : capsules covered with spiny warts. 



Leaves oval or lanceolate, usually acute or acuminate. 1. E. Americanus. 



Leaves obovate, usually obtuse. 2. E. obovatus. 



Stems erect : capsules smooth. 3. E. atropurpureus. 



1. Euonymua Americanus L. A glabrous shrub 2-20 dm. tall, with creeping or 

 horizontal stems. Leaf-blades varying from oval to lanceolate, 2-10 cm. long, acute or 

 acuminate, serrate, dark green above, paler beneath, short-petioled : flowers solitary or 3 on a 

 slender or filiform peduncle 1-2 cm. long : sepals narrowly reniform, almost 3 mm. broad, 

 erose : corolla greenish purple, 8-12 mm. broad : petals 3-4 mm. in diameter, suborbicular, 

 undulate : capsules 1.5-2 cm. in diameter, 3-5-lobed, covered with bristly warts : seeds with 

 scarlet arils. 



On river banks, New York to Illinois, Florida, Arkansas and Texas. Summer. The form with 

 linear-lanceolate nearly entire leaf-blades 5-8 cm. long, is E. Americanus biflorus (Raf.) Gardner. 

 STRAWBERRY BUSH. 



2. Euonymus obovatus Nutt. A spreading diffuse glabrous shrub 2-6 dm. tall, 

 with trailing stems. Leaf-blades obovate, 2-6 cm. long, obtuse or short-acuminate and 

 sometimes acute, finely serrate, rather dull green above, paler beneath, often cuneately 

 narrowed into short petioles : flowers 1 or 3 on slender or filiform peduncles 1-3 cm. long : 

 sepals reniform, nearly 3 mm. broad, erose : corolla greenish purple, 6-8 mm. broad : 

 petals suborbicular, sessile, broader than long, erose : capsules 1.5-2 cm. in diameter, 3- 

 lobed, covered with bristly warts, crimson : seeds with scarlet arils. 



On river banks, Ontario to Pennsylvania, Illinois and Tennessee. Spring. STRAWBERRY BUSH. 



3. EuonymuB atropurpureus Jacq. A shrub or small tree, sometimes 8 m. tall, 

 its trunk reaching a diameter of 2 dm. Leaf -blades oblong, elliptic oval, ovate or obovate, 

 5-16 cm. long, acute or acuminate, serrate, dark green and glabrous above, more or less 

 pubescent beneath, acute or rounded at the base ; petioles 8-15 mm. long : cymes twice or 

 thrice forked: peduncles 4-8 cm. long: sepals usually 4, reniform, 2.5-3 mm. broad: 

 corolla dark purple, 10-12 mm. broad : petals 4, orbicular-ovate, or suborbicular, 2-3 mm. 

 long, obtuse : capsules 4-lobed, pendulous, depressed, the lobes wing-like : seeds 8-10 mm. 

 long, the arils scarlet. 



On river banks. New York to Montana. Florida, Arkansas and the Indian Territory. Spring. 

 WAAHOO. SPINDLE TREE. BURNING BUSH. BLEEDING HEART. 



